CN I-XII Everything Flashcards
Olfactory Nerve general function
Special sensory - smell
Olfactory Nerve origin
Forebrain (Cerebral hemispheres - telencephalon)
Olfactory Nerve distribution
Olfactory mucosa of nose (olfactory epithelium)
Optic Nerve general function
Special sensory - sight
Optic Nerve origin
Forebrain (diencephalon)
Optic Nerve distribution
Retina of eye
Oculomotor Nerve somatic motor distribution
Motor: Superior, Inferior, and Medial recti, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris
Olfactory Nerve cranial exit
Foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Olfactory Nerve cell body location
olfactory cells of olfactory epithelium
Optic Nerve cranial exit
Optic canal
Optic Nerve cell body location
ganglion cells of retina
Oculomotor Nerve origin
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Oculomotor Nerve distribution
Superior, medial, and inferior recti, levator palpebrae superioris, inferior oblique muscles;
parasympathetic innervation of sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
Oculomotor Nerve cranial exit
Superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor Nerve cell body location
Somatic motor - midbrain
Visceral motor - Presynaptic from midbrain, postsynaptic at ciliary ganglion
Trochlear Nerve Origin
Midbrain (emerges dorsally, only cranial nerve to do so)
Trochlear Nerve cranial exit
Superior orbital fissure
Trochlear Nerve cell body location
Midbrain
Trochlear Nerve function and distribution
Somatic Motor - superior oblique (extra-ocular muscle)
Trigeminal Nerve origin
Brainstem (Pons - metencephalon)
Trigeminal Nerve general function
Somatic Motor and Somatic Sensory
Trigeminal Main Branches
Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)
Opthalmic Nerve general function
Somatic sensory
Opthalmic Nerve cell body location
Trigeminal ganglion
Opthalmic Nerve cranial exit
Superior orbital fissure
Opthalmic Nerve distribution
Sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, and mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Maxillary Nerve general function
Somatic sensory
Maxillary Nerve cell body location
Trigeminal ganglion
Maxillary Nerve cranial exit
Foramen rotundum
Maxillary Nerve distribution
Sensation from skin of face over maxilla, including upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses, and palate
Mandibular Nerve general function
Somatic sensory and somatic motor
Mandibular Nerve sensory cell body location
Trigeminal ganglion
Mandibular Nerve cranial exit
Foramen ovale
Mandibular Nerve sensory distribution
Sensation from skin of face overlying mandible including lower lip, mandibular teeth,temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth and anterior two thirds of tongue
Mandibular Nerve motor cell body location
pons
Mandibular Nerve motor distribution
Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani
Abducens Nerve origin
Brainstem (junction betwen pons and medulla)
Abducens Nerve cranial exit
Superior orbital fissure
Abducens Nerve cell body location
Pons
Abducens Nerve general function
somatic motor
Abducens Nerve distribution
Lateral rectus muscle
Facial Nerve origin
Brainstem (junction between pons and medulla)
Facial Nerve general function
somatic and visceral motor, special and general sensory
Facial Nerve somatic motor cell body location
pons
Facial Nerve somatic motor distribution
Motor to muscles of facial expression and scalp; also supplies stapedius of middle ear, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of digastric
Vestibulocochlear Nerve origin
Brainstem (Junction between pons and medulla)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve general function
Special sensory
Vestibulocochlear Nerve cranial exit
Internal acoustic meatus
Vestibulocochlear Nerve branches
Vestibular and Cochlear
Vestibular Nerve cell body location
Vestibular ganglion
Cochlear Nerve cell body location
Spiral ganglion
Vestibular Nerve distribution
Vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule related to position and movements of head
Cochlear Nerve distribution
Hearing from spiral organ
Glossopharyngeal Nerve origin
Brainstem (Medulla - myelencephalon)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve general function
Somatic, visceral, and special sensory
Somatic and visceral motor
Glossopharyngeal Nerve somatic motor cell body location
Medulla
Glossopharyngeal Nerve visceral motor cell body locations
Presynaptic - medulla; postsynaptic - otic ganglion
Glossopharyngeal Nerve visceral sensory cell body location
Superior ganglion
Glossopharyngeal Nerve special sensory cell body location
Inferior ganglion
Glossopharyngeal Nerve somatic sensory cell body location
Inferior ganglion
Glossopharyngeal Nerve cranial exit
Jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal Nerve somatic motor distribution
Motor to stylopharyngeus that assists with swallowing
Glossopharyngeal Nerve visceral motor distribution
Parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland
Glossopharyngeal Nerve visceral sensory distribution
Visceral sensation from parotid gland, carotid body and sinus, pharynx, and middle ear
Glossopharyngeal Nerve special sensory distribution
Taste from posterior third of tongue
Glossopharyngeal Nerve somatic sensory distribution
Cutaneous sensation from external ear
Accessory Nerve origin
Superior spinal cord (C1-C5/6)
Accessory Nerve cranial path
Enter cranium via foramen magnum, exit via jugular foramen
Accessory Nerve general function
somatic motor
Accessory Nerve cell body location
spinal cord
Accessory Nerve distribution
Motor to SCM and trapezius
Hypoglossal Nerve origin
Brainstem (Medulla - myelencephalon)
Hypoglossal Nerve general function
somatic motor
Hypoglossal Nerve cranial exit
Hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal Nerve cell body location
Medulla
Hypoglossal Nerve distribution
Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus)
Vagus Nerve origin
Brainstem (Medulla - myelencephalon)
Vagus Nerve general function
Somatic, visceral, and special sensory (taste)
Somatic and visceral motor
Vagus Nerve cranial exit
Jugular foramen
Vagus Nerve somatic motor cell body location
Medulla
Vagus Nerve visceral motor presynaptic cell body location
Medulla
Vagus Nerve visceral motor postsynaptic cell body location
Neurons in, on, or near viscera
Vagus Nerve visceral sensory cell body location
Inferior ganglion
Vagus Nerve special sensory cell body location
Inferior ganglion
Vagus Nerve somatic sensory cell body location
Superior ganglion
Vagus Nerve somatic motor distribution
Motor to muscles of pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), intrinsic muscles of larynx, muscles of palate (except tensor veli palatini), and striated muscle in superior two thirds of esophagus
Vagus Nerve visceral motor distribution
Parasympathetic innervation to smooth muscle and glands of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, coronary arteries, and nodes of conduction system of heart
Vagus Nerve visceral sensory distribution
Visceral sensation from base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, and intestine to left colic flexure
Vagus Nerve special sensory distribution
Taste from epiglottis and palate
Vagus Nerve somatic sensory distribution
Sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and dura mater of posterior cranial fossa
Facial Nerve special sensory cell body location
Geniculate ganglion
Facial Nerve special sensory distribution
Taste from anterior two thirds of tongue and palate
Facial Nerve cranial exit
Internal acoustic meatus; facial canal; stylomastoid foramen
Facial Nerve visceral motor presynaptic cell body location
pons
Facial Nerve visceral motor postsynaptic cell body location
pterygopalatine ganglion; submandibular ganglion
Facial Nerve visceral motor distribution
Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate
Suboccipital Nerve origin
Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1
Suboccipital Nerve course
Runs between cranium and C1 vertebra to reach subocciptal triangle
Subocciptal Nerve distribution
Muscles of suboccipital triangle
Greater Occipital Nerve origin
Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C2
Greater Occipital Nerve course
Emerges inferior to obliquus capitis inferior and ascends to posterior scalp, penetrates Semispinalis capitis muscle
Greater Occipital Nerve distribution
Skin over neck and occipital bone
Lesser Occipital Nerve origin
Anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C3
Lesser Occipital Nerve course
Passes directly to skin
Lesser Occipital Nerve distribution
Skin of superior posterolateral neck and scalp posterior to external ear
Great Auricular Nerve origin
C2-C3 (Cervical ganglion)
Great Auricular Nerve distribution
Sensory innervation of skin over parotid gland, mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear.
Supraclavicular Nerves origin
C3-C4 spinal nerves
Origin of presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion
Lesser Petrosal Nerve (branch of Glossopharyngeal, IX)
Cell bodies of parasympathetic fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve
Otic ganglion
Otic ganglion location
immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa
Otic ganglion parasympathetic distribution
parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
Origin of presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion
Fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus of the Pons via the chorda tympani (facial, VII) and the lingual nerve (submandibular branch of trigeminal, V3)
Cell bodies of parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani and the lingual nerve
Submandibular ganglion
Submandibular ganglion location
above the deep portion of the submandibular gland, on the hyoglossus muscle, near the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle
Submandibular ganglion parasympathetic distribution
parasympathetic innervation to the oral mucosa and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Origin of presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion
Greater Petrosal nerve (branch of the facial nerve, VII)
Location of cell bodies of parasympathetic fibers in the nasopalatine nerve
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion location
Pterygopalatine fossa near the sphenopalatine foramen
Pterygopalatine ganglion parasympathetic distribution
Lacrimal gland, paranasal sinuses, glands of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and pharynx, the gingiva, and the mucous membrane and glands of the hard palate
Origin of presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion
Edinger-Westphal nucleus via the oculomotor nerve (III)
Location of cell bodies of parasympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves
Ciliary ganglion
Ciliary ganglion location
posterior orbit
Ciliary ganglion parasympathetic distribution
sphincter pupillae and ciliaris
Ciliary ganglion fiber types
parasympathetic: Edinger-Westphal to sphincter pupillae and ciliaris via short ciliary nerves
sympathetic: superior cervical ganglion (carotid plexus) to dilator pupillae, superior tarsal muscle, inferior tarsal muscle, and orbitalis via the short and long ciliary nerves
sensory: cornea, iris, and ciliary body via the short ciliary nerves to the nasociliary (branch of opthalmic, V1)
Pterygopalatine ganglion fiber types
parasympathetic: Greater Petrosal nerve (from facial, VII) to deep branches of trigeminal (V)
sympathetic: superior cervical ganglion (carotid plexus) to deep petrosal, to greater petrosal, to the nerve of the pterygoid canal, distributed to pterygopalatine nerve innervating blood vessels of nasal cavity, palate, and superior parts of pharynx
sensory: sphenopalatine branches of maxillary nerve (V2) passing directly to the palatine nerves
Submandibular ganglion fiber types
parasympathetic: Superior salivatory nucleus of the Pons via the chorda tympani and lingual nerve to oral mucosa and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
sympathetic: superior cervical ganglion (external carotid plexus) via the facial nerve
