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KIN 301 > CN, Head and Neck Sensory and Motor Pathways, Cerebellum and ANS > Flashcards

CN, Head and Neck Sensory and Motor Pathways, Cerebellum and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

SENSORY - smell

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic nerve

SENSORY - vision

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3
Q

CN III

A

Occulomotor nerve

MOTOR - eye movement, pupil constriction and raising superior eyelid

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

MOTOR - eye movement by superior oblique

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve
SENSORY - face, cornea, nasal cavity, sinuses, mouth, teeth and tongue (mechanical touch)
MOTOR - mastication

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

MOTOR - eye movement by external rectus

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial nerve
SENSORY - taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue
MOTOR - facial expression, glands of mouth and nose

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear near

SENSORY - hearing and balance

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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
SENSORY - taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue, external ear, pharynx, middle ear cavity
MOTOR - swallowing and parotid gland

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus nerve
SENSORY - external ear, pharynx, larynx, lung, heart & gut
MOTOR - pharynx, larynx, palate, trachea, lungs, heart & gut

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11
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory nerve

MOTOR - neck movement

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12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

MOTOR - tongue movement

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13
Q

What info is the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus receiving?

What CN are apart of this sensory nucleus?

A

Jaw proprioception

Provides sensory info to CN V

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14
Q

What info is the main trigeminal nucleus receiving?

What CN are apart of this sensory nucleus?

A

Touch sensation from face, head and mouth

Provides sensory info to CN V, VII, IX, X

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15
Q

What info is the spinal trigeminal nucleus receiving?

What CN are apart of this sensory nucleus?

A

Pain, temperature and itch from the head

Provides sensory info to CNV, VII, IX, X

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16
Q

What info does the solitary nucleus receive?

What CN are apart of this sensory nucleus?

A

Viscerosensory info from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal organs, and taste
CN VII, IX, X

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17
Q

What is the nucleus ambiguus involved in innervating?

What CN does this involve?

A

Innervates muscles used for swallowing

CN XI, X

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18
Q

What are the salivary nuclei involved in innervating?

What CN does this involve - remember two divisions

A

Innervation of salivary glands and lacrimal gland
INFERIOR salivary = CN IX
SUPERIOR salivary = CN VII

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19
Q

What are the four muscles involved in mastication?

What CN innervates these?

A

CN V - Trigeminal

  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. External Pterygoid
  4. Internal Pterygoid
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20
Q

What CN innervates motor to submandicular gland

A

CN VII - Facial

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21
Q

What CN innervates motor to sublingual gland

A

CN VII - Facial

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22
Q

What CN innervates motor to parotid gland

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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23
Q

What CN innervates taste for the anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

CN VII - Facial

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24
Q

What CN innervates taste for the posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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25
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
``` V1 = Ophthalmic V2 = Maxillary V3 = Mandibular ```
26
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies upper eyelid
V1 - Ophthalmic
27
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies bridge of nose
V1 - Ophthalmic
28
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies chin
V3 - Mandibular
29
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies upper lip
V2 - Maxillary
30
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies lower lip
V3 - Mandibular
31
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies forehead
V1 - Ophthalmic
32
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies upper teeth
V2 - Maxillary
33
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies lower teeth
V3 - Mandibular
34
How would damage to the left hypoglossal nerve present? How would damage to the left corticobulbar tract present?
Left hypoglossal nerve damage = left tongue deviation Left corticobulbar tract = no tongue deviation since between the primary motor cortex and the hypoglossal nucleus is bilateral, so compensation by the other side
35
How are the corticobulbar projections to the facial nucleus different in the lower face vs the upper face?
Corticobulbar projects: Contralateral on lower face Bilateral on upper face
36
Explain where and why about Bell's Palsy
Damage to lower motor neuron impairs the function of the facial nerve Represents as dropping on one half of face
37
Which corticobulbar projections are bilateral? Which are contralateral?
Bilateral: Upper Face Facial Nerve, Contralateral: Lower Face Facial Nerve
38
Stroke inhibits blood flow to PICA causes Wallenberg syndrome. What deficits would there be and why
Sensory deficits: facial pain, temp and itch ipsilateral; trunk and limb pain, temperature and itch contralateral Motor deficits: nystagmus (rhythmic involuntary eye oscillation) and ataxia (inaccuracy in speed, force and distance of movement)
39
Functions of the cerebellum
Timing device, motor learning, coordination, comparator
40
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Output to thalamus
41
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Input from pontine nucleus
42
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Input from spinal cord sensory afferents
43
Dorsal Spinocerebellar pathway function
Kinesthesis from leg and lower trunk
44
Dorsal Spinocerebellar pathway relay nuclei
Clarke's Nucleus | Rexed lamina VII at spinal cord segments C8/T1-L2/L3
45
What is the only sensory info entering through superior peduncle
Ventral and Rostral Spinocerebellar Pathways
46
What is the relay nuclei for Cuneocerebellar Pathway
Accessory Cuneate Nucleus at the rostral medulla
47
What is the relay nuclei for Ventral Spinocerebellar Pathway
Spinal border neurons at T12-L5
48
What is the relay nuclei for Rostral Spinocerebellar Pathway
Spinal interneurons at C5-C8
49
What sensory info is transferred via the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Pathway
Sensory info from leg and lower trunk
50
What sensory info is transferred via the Cuneocerebellar Pathway
sensory info from arm and upper trunk
51
What sensory info is transferred via the Ventral Spinocerebellar Pathway
Internal feedback from legs and lower trunk
52
What sensory info is transferred via the Rostral Spinocerebellar Pathway
Internal feedback from arms and lower trunk
53
Where the location of decussation in the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Pathway
Remains ipsilateral
54
Where the location of decussation in the Cuneocerebellar Pathway
Remains ipsilateral
55
Where the location of decussation in the Ventral Spinocerebellar Pathway
Decussates at spinal level and again at superior cerebellar peduncle at midbrain level
56
Where the location of decussation in the Rostral Spinocerebellar Pathway
Decussates at spinal level and again at superior cerebellar peduncle at midbrain level
57
Which cerebellar peduncle does the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Pathway go to
Inferior Peduncle
58
Which cerebellar peduncle does the Cuneocerebellar Pathway go to
Inferior Peduncle
59
Which cerebellar peduncle does the Ventral Spinocerebellar Pathway go to
Superior Peduncle
60
Which cerebellar peduncle does the Rostral Spinocerebellar Pathway go to
Superior Peduncle
61
What cells provide the only output from the cerebellar cortex
Purkinje Cells
62
What type of receptors do somatic afferents use?
Exteroreceptors: | skin receptors, special sensory receptors, muscle spindles
63
What type of receptors do autonomic afferents use?
Interoreceptors Chemoreceptors Baroreceptors
64
Differences between efferents of somatic vs autonomic
Somatic: - 1 multipolar motor neuron - Goes to skeletal muscle Autonomic: - 2 multipolar motor neurons: 1 PRE and 1 POST synaptic - Goes to different types of effector organs - such as Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glandular tissue
65
Where is the origin of sympathetic neurons
T1-L2 only
66
What is the origin of parasympathetic neurons
4 Cranial nerves (CN III, VII, IX, X) and S2-S4
67
Generalizations of Parasympathetic
Increase BF to GI Decrease in HR and BP Pupil constriction
68
Generalizations of Sympathetic
Increase BF to skeletal muscles Increase in HR and BP Pupil dilation
69
Describe the efferent fibers of the autonomic NS
Sympathetic: SHORT pre-synaptic and LONG post-synaptic Peripheral ganglion close to spinal cord - provides more global response Parasympathetic: LONG pre-synaptic and SHORT post-synaptic Peripheral ganglion close to effector organ - provides more local response
70
Where are the pre-synaptic cell bodies located in the sympathetic NS
lateral grey horn - feature of the thoracic spinal cord
71
What functions are suppressed by the sympathetic division of the ANS
functions that store energy
72
What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum
Movement planning
73
Where does the afferent cerebrocerebellum pathway originate?
primary motor cortex
74
Where does the efferent cerebrocerebellum pathway originate?
Dentate nucleus
75
What and where is the relay nucleus in the afferent cerebrocerebellum pathway?
Pontine nuclei at pons
76
What and where is the relay nucleus in the efferent cerebrocerebellum pathway
Ventrolateral nucleus - thalamus
77
What cerebellar peduncle does the afferent cerebrocerebellum pathway enter?
Middle cerebellar peduncle
78
What is the location of decussation in the afferent cerebrocerebellum pathway?
Transverse pontine fibers at pons
79
What is the cerebellar peduncle that the efferent cerebrocerebellum pathway leave through?
Superior cerebellar peduncle
80
Where is the final destination in the efferent cerebrocerebellum pathway?
Primary motor cortex and parvocellular division of the red nucleus
81
Where does the efferent cerebrocerebellum pathway decussate?
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle at pons
82
What deep cerebellar nuclei does the efferent spinocerebellum (intermediate division) originate?
Interposed nuclei
83
What is the relay nuclei in the intermediate division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway?
Ventrolateral nucleus in the thalamus
84
What is the final destination in the intermediate division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway?
Primary motor cortex and the magnocellular division of the red nucleus
85
Where does the intermediate division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway decussate?
Superior cerebellar peduncle at pons
86
What is the function of the intermediate division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway?
Coordination of proximal and axial muscles via the: ventral corticospinal pathway medial vestibulospinal pathway reticulospinal pathway
87
What deep cerebellar nucleus does the vermis division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway originate?
Fastigial nucleus
88
What is the relay nucleus for the vermis division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway?
Ventrolateral nucleus in thalamus
89
What is the final destination in the vermis division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway?
Reticular formation in the pons and medulla | Primary Motor cortex
90
Where does the vermis division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway decussate?
Superior Peduncle at pons
91
What cerebellar peduncle does the vermis division of the efferent spinocerebellum pathway take upon leaving the cerebellum
Superior Peduncle to reach the thalamus | Inferior Peduncle to reach reticular formation

KIN 301 (2 decks)

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