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Anatomy Extremities Part 1 > CN, extremities, muscles, bones > Flashcards

CN, extremities, muscles, bones Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory (S): carries smell sensations from nasal epithelium to brain’s olfactory center

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic (S): sight to retina in form of ganglion cells

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3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor (M): Moves the eyeball and eyelid, adjusts the lens of the eye for near vision and also constricts the pupil of the eye via motor fibres distributed to muscles located in and around the eye.

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear (M): innervates superior oblique rotate the eyeballs in their sockets. (The action of this nerve is coordinated with those of the oculomotor and abducens nerves i.e. cranial nerves III and VI.)

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal (B): This is largest cranial nerve and splits into the following 3 divisions, each of which includes both motor and sensory fibres.
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve
The motor fibres of all 3 divisions control the facial muscles involved in chewing. The sensory fibres convey sensations of touch, pain and temperature from the front of the head including the mouth and also from the meninges.

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens (M): Moves the eyeballs outwards by sending nerve impulses to the lateral rectus muscles.

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial (B): Sensory fibres are concerned with taste via the taste buds at the front of the tongue.
Motor fibres control secretion of tears via the lacrimal glands and saliva via the sublingual salivary glandsas well as facial expressions via some of the muscles of facial expression.
A branch of the facial nerve regulates the tension on the ear ossicles.

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear (S): Two branches: Vestibular nerve (senses equilibrium) and Cochlear nerve (hearing)

Vestibular nerve:
Aids equilibrium by carrying impulses from the semicircular canals - providing info about posture, movement and balance

Cochlear nerve:
Carries impulses from the cochlea, so is known as the nerve of hearing.

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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharangeal (B): Motor Fibres
Modulate swallowing via supply to muscles of the throat (pharynx) area
Parasympathetic control of secretion of saliva (via supply to the parotid salivary glands)
Sensory Fibres
Monitors blood pressure
Monitors levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
Coordination of some muscle activity e.g. in some swallowing muscles
Sensations of taste, touch, pain and temperature from posterior third of the tongue and tissues of the soft palate

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus (B): Motor Fibres:
Under conscious control
Stimulates voluntary muscles that effect swallowing, coughing and speech.
Under unconscious control
Stimulates the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract (GI, also called the alimentary canal)
Can trigger reduction (slowing) of heart-rate
Stimulates secretion of digestive fluids
Sensory Fibres:
Monitors blood pressure
Monitors levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
Sensations of touch, pain and temperature from thoat area
Sensations from visceral organs in thorax and abdomen

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11
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory (M): Arises from two roots, cranial and spinal.

Cranial parts: Controls swallowing movements because nerve fibres (from the cranial root of cranial nerve XI) join the vagus nerve to form the recurrent laryngeal nerve which supplies the internal laryngeal muscles.

Spinal Parts: Governs movement of the head and shoulders by supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles in the (anterior and posterior) regions of the neck.

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12
Q

CN VII

A

Hypoglossal (M): Supplies the muscles of the tongue - responsible for the tongue movements involved in speech and swallowing

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13
Q

Upper Extremity Segment 1

Pectoral Girdle bones

A

clavicle and scapula

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14
Q

Upper Extremity Segment 2

Arm (brachiums) bones

A

humerous

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15
Q

Upper Extremity Segment 3

Forearm bones

A

Ulna and radius

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16
Q

Upper Extremity Segment 4

Hand (8 wrist, 5 fingers, 14 fingers)

A

carpels - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, carnate, hamate
metacarpels - 1-5 (start with thumb) (head, shaft, base)
phalanges - distal, middle, proximal (MIP, PIP, DIP)

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17
Q

only joint between axial and extremity skeletons

A

sternoclavicular

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18
Q

coracoclavicular ligament

A

two ligaments suspending scapula from clavicle: trapezoid ligament and conacoid ligament

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19
Q

Scapula parts to label

A

covers ribs 2-7
subscapular fossa, coracoid process of scapula
glenoid cavity
supraglenoid tubercle - long head of biceps attaches
infraglenoid tubercle - long head of triceps attach
spine of scapula - leads to acromion (peak) which has acromioclavicular joint
supraspinous fossa (1 muscle attaches), infraspinous fossa (2 muscles attach)
superior, medial, and lateral angles

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20
Q

4 muscles that attach to scapula

A

trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapula, and serratus anterior

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21
Q

humerous

A

head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater and lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove (long head of bicep muscle tendon travels through to attach to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula), deltoid tubercle (deltoid insertion), radial groove (radial nerve travels here), medial supracondyle ridge and medial epicondyle, lateral supracontular ridge and lateral epicondyle (forearm muscles attach), capitulum (radial articulation), trochlea (ulnar articulation), coronoid fossa (houses coronoid process), radial fossa, olecrenon fossa (posterior)

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22
Q

nerve anatomically by surgical neck of humerus

A

axillary nerve (injured with surgical neck fracture)

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23
Q

nerve anatomically by middle of humerus

A

radial nerve

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24
Q

nerve anatomically by distal portion of humerus

A

smedian nerve (can feel make pinky numb)

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25
Q

nerve anatomically by medial epicondyle of humerus

A

ulnar nerve

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26
Q

ulna

A

olechrenon (articulates with humerus)
choraNoid process
trochlear notch (articulates with humerus)
radial notch (head of radius articulates)
ulnar tuberosity (brachialis attaches)
supinator crest and fossa (supinator attaches)
head of ulna (articulates with radius)
styloid process (bone sticking out of wrist)

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27
Q

radius

A

head (articulates with capitulum)
neck
radial tuberosity (bicept tendon attaches)
radial styloid process and ulnar styloid process (radial is distal!!!!)

28
Q

membrane connecting ulna and radius

A

intraosseus membrane

29
Q

three elbow joints

A

trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch ulna
capitulum of humerus and head of radius
radius and ulna

30
Q

colle’s fracture

A

most common fracture: complete fracture in distal 2 cm of radius prone to fracture (styloid process of radius and ulna will be same length or dinner-fork deformity)

31
Q

scaphoid fracture (snuff box fracture)

A

blood supply cut off to PROXIMAL scaphoid

32
Q

boxer’s fracture

A

metatacarpal fractures

33
Q

deltopectoral vein

A

cephalic

34
Q

capitulum vs capitate

A

distal humorous and wrist,

35
Q

coracoid process, coronoid process, conoid tubercle

A

on scapula, on ulna, on clavicle

36
Q

trapezium, trapezoid, trapezius

A

wrist, wrist, back muscle

37
Q

pelvic girdle bone

A

hip (fused), ilium, ischium, pubis

38
Q

thigh

A

femur

39
Q

leg

A

tibia and fibula

40
Q

foot

A

tarsal (7), metatarsals, phalanges

41
Q

femur

A

head - acetabulum articulation
greater trochanter - widest part of hip
lesser trochanter - muscle attachment and pectineal line
intertrochanteric line (anterior) and crest (posterior)
trochanteric fossa
gluteal tuberosity - gluteus maximus attachment
linea aspera (extension of pectineal line) splits to medial and lateral supracondylar lines
medial epicondyle (adductor magnus attaches to adductor tubercle)
lateral epicondyle
medial condyle
lateral condyle
intracondylar notch
popliteal surface and fossa

42
Q

angle of inclination and torsion

A

inclination: 145 at 3 years, 120 as an adult

43
Q

coxa vera

A

smaller angle of inclination (shorter person)

44
Q

coxa vulga

A

larger angle of inclination (taller person)

45
Q

hip fracture blood supply

A

external iliac- femoral - retinacular arteries

can cause head of femur to necrose

46
Q

tibia

A

medial and lateral condyle
medial and lateral tibial plateau
medialmalleolus
lateral malleolus (fibula - NOT involved in knee but is in ankle)

47
Q

foot

A

7 tarsals - tallus (tibia and fibula) calcaneous (heel) navicular, cuneform 1, 2, 3, cuboid,

metatarsals (1-5 starting with toe)
phalanges

48
Q

fascial lata location

A

deep thigh

49
Q

crural fascia location

A

deep lower leg, continuous with fascia lata

50
Q

great and small saph - superficial veins of lower legs

A

great is medial, small from heel to drain at knee

51
Q

pectoralis major (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

clavicle, sternum and rib origin, inserts on humerus at intertubercular groove of humerus
ADDUCTS AND MEDIALLY rotates humerus
flexes and extends humerus (medial and lateral pectoral nerves)

52
Q

pectoralis minor (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

coracoid process of scapula, inserts on ribs 3, 4, 5
fixes scapula to thoracic wall, stretch arm forward, inspiration
medial pectoral nerve

53
Q

subclavius (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

sternum and first rib origin
inserts on middle of clavicle
anchors and depresses clavicle
innervated by

54
Q

serratus anterior (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

origin on external surface of ribs 1-8
anterior medial border of scapula
protracts scapula
long thoracic nerve (winged scapula if damaged)

55
Q

trapezius (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

spinous process, nuchal line
scapula
elevates, depresses, retracts scapula
innervated by spinal accessory nerve

56
Q

latissimus dorsi (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

lumbar fascia and spinous processes
inserts on humorus intertuburcular groove
adducts humerus
thoracodorsal nerve (axillary crutches and monkey bar test)

57
Q

levator scapulae (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

transverse c1-c4
inserts on superior scapula
elevates scapula
dorsal scapular nerve

58
Q

rhomboids (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

spinous process c7-t5
medial borders of scapula
dorsal scapular nerve

59
Q

deltoid (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
inserts on deltoid tuberosity (on humerus)
abducts humerus, flexion and extension (swinging arm)
axillary nerve (abduct beyond 15 degrees)

60
Q

teres major (origin, insertion, function, innervation)

A

inferior angle of scapula
intertuburcular groove
abducts and medially rotates humerus

61
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles (origin, insertion, function, innervation) SITS

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, (innervated by superscapular nerve) teres minor (axillary nerve), subscapularis, originate on scapula
insert of humerus anchoring humerus to glenoid fossa

62
Q

deltopectoral triangle formation and significant structure

A

deltoid, pectoralis major, clavicle

cephalic vein

63
Q

quadrangular space

A

teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps, lateral head of triceps,
axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery exit here

64
Q

medial triangular space

A

teres major and teres minor, long tricep head

circumflex scapular artery

65
Q

lateral triangular space

A

two heads of triceps and teres major

radial nerve and deep artery of arm

66
Q

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

A

wrist bones

Anatomy Extremities Part 1 (1 decks)

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