CN

Question 1

Unilateral cn III, IV, VI

Answer 1

Cavernous sinus lesion

Question 2

Combined unilateral cn IX, X, XI

Answer 2

Jugular foramen syndrome

Question 3

Combined bilateral cn X, XI, XII

Answer 3

If lower motor neuron Bulbar palsy

If upper motor neuron. Pseudobulbar palsy

Question 4

Olfactory nerve

Answer 4

CN I
Observe external nose
Observe internal nose
Check smell by texting each side separately from its different scent

Question 5

Optic nerve

Answer 5

CN II
Observation of eyes 
Test visual acuity...snellen
Test visual field (peripheral) aka confrontation
Pupillary light reflex 
Look in eye

Question 6

Oculomotor, Trochlear, abducens

Answer 6

CN III, IV, VI
Confrontation....50, 60, 70, 90*
Corneal light reflex...look for reflexion
6 Cardinal planes of gaze
Accommodation
      Convergence with finger to nose

Question 7

Trigeminal

Answer 7

CN V
Corneal blink reflex 
Facial sensation
   Sharp/light touch
Motor: open mouth, clench teeth, palpate muscles
Test jaw jerk
General sensation ant. 2/3 tongue

Question 8

Facial

Answer 8

CN VII
Inspect facial drop asymmetry 
Facial expression muscles: look up, wrinkle forehead 
Shut eyes tightly 
Smile..compare nasolabial grooves 
Taste ant. 2/3 tongue

Question 9

Vestibulocochlear

Answer 9

CN VIII
Observe external ear 
Observe internal ear
Webers test: lateralization
Rinnes test: air bone conduction

Question 10

Accessory

Answer 10

CN XI
Examine SCM and trapezius atrophy
Shrug shoulders turn head against resistance

Question 11

Glossopharyngeal, vagus

Answer 11

CN. IX, X
Hoarse or nasal?
Says AH...asymmetrical soft palate movement 
Gag reflex (sensory IX motor X)
Kuh la mi

Question 12

Hypoglossal

Answer 12

XII
Listen to articulation
Inspect tongue for wasting , fasciculations
Protrude tongue: unilateral deviates to affected side
Tongue to cheek

Question 13

Bell’s palsy

Answer 13

Lesion is peripheral to the geniculate ganglion 
Lower motor neuron 
Spares forehead 
Cn VII
No loss of taste

Question 14

Affected taste

Answer 14

CN VII
Sensory
Peripheral lesions in cn VII must be PROXIMAL to the stylomastoid foramen to affect taste

Question 15

Unilateral cn V, VII, VIII

Answer 15

Cerebellopontine angle lesion

Question 16

Primary neurons

Olfactory

Answer 16

Unmyelinated processes of the ciliated receptors in the upper part of the nasal mucosa are gathered into about 20 branches which pas through the crib reform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb.

Question 17

Secondary neurons

Olfactory

Answer 17

Myelinated processes of the bipolar cells of the bulb form olfactory tract and terminate in the primary olfactory cortex

Question 18

Tertiary neurons

Olfactory

Answer 18

Neurons extend from the primary olfactory cortex to the entorhial cortex, lateral preoptic area, amygdaloid, and medial forebrain bundle

Question 19

Retrobulbar neuritis

Answer 19

Involves the optic nerve or tract, the most common cause is multiple sclerosis

Question 20

Optic or bulbar neuritis

Answer 20

Includes various forms of retinitis

Question 21

Papilledema.

Choked disc

Answer 21

A commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension

Question 22

Optic atrophy

Answer 22

Associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, gray

Question 23

Primary optic atrophy

Answer 23

Caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema

Question 24

Secondary optic atrophy

Answer 24

Is a sequel of papilledema

Question 25

Primary simple optic atrophy

Answer 25

May be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure

Question 26

Fosters Kennedy syndrome

Answer 26

May be caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindness and anosmia (with atrophy of the optic and olfactory nerve ) and contralateral papilledema

Question 27

Amaurotic familial Idiocy

Aka Tay Sachs disease

Answer 27

Cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occurring in Jew families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea

Question 28

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 28

Reacts only to accommodation. It has neither a direct or indirect reaction to light. It was once considered pathognomonic of tabes dorsalis, but it has now been found to occur as a diabetic complication

Question 29

Holmes aide syndrome

Answer 29

Characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. The pupil is said to be “myotonic” with a very slow, almost imperceptible contraction to light and in near vision, a slower dilation upon removal of the stimuli. Ppl with this syndrome have an abnormal sensitivity to weak solution, instilled into the conjunctival sac is demonstrable in affected eyes; tonic pupils constrict, whereas pupils of normal eyes remain unaffected

Question 30

Holmes adie syndrome

Aka adies pupil/tonic pupil

Answer 30

Is a pupil that reacts to,light very slowly, remains constricted longer, then dilates slowly. This occurs most often I. Young women and is considered benign