CN 2

Question 1

How many layers is the eye composed of?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What is the outermost layer called?

Answer 2

Fibrous tunic

Question 3

What does the fibrous tunic layer consist of?

Answer 3

Sclera, cornea

Question 4

What is the middle layer called?

Answer 4

Vascular tunic

Question 5

What does the vascular tunic consist of?

Answer 5

Ciliary body, iris, choroid

Question 6

What is the innermost layer called?

Answer 6

Retina

Question 7

How many layers does the retina have?

Answer 7

10

Question 8

What is the outermost layer of the retinal layer called?

Answer 8

Pigmented layer

Question 9

What is the innermost layer of the retinal layer called?

Answer 9

Inner plexiform layer

Question 10

Photoreceptors are either ___ or ___ shaped

Answer 10

Rod or cone

Question 11

Function of cones

Answer 11

Receive color information

Question 12

What are the 3 types of cones?

Answer 12

Red, blue and green

Question 13

What do cones require?

Answer 13

Adequate light

Question 14

What is the area where we see most clearly?

Answer 14

Fovea centralis

Question 15

Function of rods

Answer 15

Sense light versus dark

Question 16

Are there rods in the fovea?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

When ___ relay information to bipolar cells by synapsing in the outer plexiform layer, bipolar cell bodies are found in the ___ layer

Answer 17

Depolarized photoreceptors; inner nuclear

Question 18

Bipolar cells relay information to ___

Answer 18

Ganglion cells

Question 19

Where do bipolar cells synapse in ganglion cells?

Answer 19

Inner plexiform layer

Question 20

Axons from ganglion cells are conveyed in the nerve fiber layer toward the ___

Answer 20

Optic disc

Question 21

Where are axons carried after leaving the eyeball?

Answer 21

Optic nerve

Question 22

Where does the optic nerve enter the skull?

Answer 22

Optic canal

Question 23

Are nerve fiber layer axons myelinated?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Are optic nerve axons myelinated?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What cells form the myelin?

Answer 25

Interfascicular oligodendrocytes

Question 26

In the optic chiasma, which fibers will cross?

Answer 26

Fibers from the medial side of each retina

Question 27

The optic tract travels are the ___

Answer 27

Cerebral peduncles

Question 28

Where do fibers synapse in the optic tract?

Answer 28

On 1 of 3 nuclei of termination

Question 29

Where do the majority of fibers synapse in the optic tract?

Answer 29

Lateral geniculate body

Question 30

What 2 muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?

Answer 30

Trapezius and SCM

Question 31

Which fibers deal with light reflexes?

Answer 31

Ones that synapse in the pretectal nucleus of the midbrain

Question 32

A lesion to the ___ will have symptoms of loss of vision in one eye (same side of lesion) and have depth perception problems

Answer 32

Optic nerve

Question 33

A lesion to the ___ will lose peripheral vision (tunnel vision)

Answer 33

Optic chiasma

Question 34

A lesion to the ___ will have symptoms of loss of half of their visual field

Answer 34

Optic tract

Question 35

Are visual reflexes afferent or efferent or both

Answer 35

Afferent only

Question 36

What are some visual reflexes?

Answer 36

Direct and consensual light reflexes, accommodation reflex, corneal reflex and convergence

Question 37

What reflex deals with adapting to distances?

Answer 37

Accommodation reflex

Question 38

The lens becomes more ___ when looking at something that is near

Answer 38

Convex

Question 39

The lens becomes more ___ when looking at something that is far away

Answer 39

Concave

Question 40

What reflex deals with coordination?

Answer 40

Convergence