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cmt 1 > CMT1 Midterm > Flashcards

CMT1 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Afferentation refers to the transmission of what nerves?

A

afferent nerve impulses

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2
Q

Deafferentation is defined as what?

A

the elimination or interruption of afferent nerve impulses, as by destruction of the afferent pathway

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3
Q

Because joint complex dysfunction is very rarely associated with peripheral nerve injury, it is not appropriate to use the word _______ ?

A

deafferentation

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4
Q

Dysafferentation refers to an increase in what and a reduction in what?

A

afferent input such that there is an increase in nociceptor input and a reduction in mechanoreceptor input

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5
Q

identify the manipulable lesion

A

using end feel, ROM

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6
Q

what can cause joint dysfunction?

A

Functional
Structural
Considerations

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7
Q

common cause of jt. dysfunction?

A

posture

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8
Q

What are the limits of using the diagnosis of subluxation or joint dysfunction syndrome?

A

it does not identify the cause…what is causing that Jt. dysfunction?
is it a contraindication?

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9
Q

Chiropractic theory of sublaxation?

A

why we do what we do and

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10
Q

Assisted method

A

segmental contact ON superior vertebra of Dysfunctional segment.
Motion of vector is superior vertebra Redative to Inferior vertebra

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11
Q

Resisted method

A

contact on the inferior vertebra

Motion in direction of malposition

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12
Q

which method, resisted or assisted applies a focus on the adjustive effect concerned with jt. Superior to level of segment contact

A

resisted

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13
Q

counter resisted method

A

is a mixture of resisted and assisted by contacting both upper and lower segments and thrust goes into opposite direction

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14
Q

vertebral subluxation complex consists of ?

A

jt. Malposition, fixation ,instability/hypermobility

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15
Q

Joint malposition

A

misalignment of the skeletal components, leading to movements limitations, inflammatory changes, irritations which can ultimately lead to firing of nociceptors

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16
Q

Joint hypomobility:

A

is a commonly proposed reason for joint fixation due to a periarticular soft tissue injury that results in fibrosis

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17
Q

Joint fixation can be due too?

A

interarticular blocks
interdiscal blocks
compressive buckling

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18
Q

interarticular blocks is when what happens?

A

when the derangement of the posterior joints result in the entrapments of the meniscoids or synovial fluid

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19
Q

interdiscal blocks are theorized to result from?

A

pathophysiological changes

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20
Q

Interdiscal blocks are when what happens?

A

derangements of the IVD result in dysfunction

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21
Q

compressive buckling is when?

A

asymmetric positioning of the vertebra that is due to the intrinsic muscles of the back

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22
Q

What does jt. pn. not discrimintae between?

A

hypomobility, hypermobility, and clinical instability

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23
Q

Gillet model

A

Muscular- hypertonicity and contraction
Ligamentous - contractor decreased length of Jt. capsule
Articular - fibrous interarticular adhesions

24
Q

which out of the 3 phases of Gillets involves all motions?

A

articular

25
Q

how would the end feel be if you are palpating for a muscular hypertonicity, ligamentous, or articular adhesions?

A

restricted end play

26
Q

which model is responsible for stating that articular fixations are the most significant?

A

Gillet

27
Q

What is the principle of Kirkaldy &Willis

A

Founded on the principle that spinal degeneration often begins with local mechanical derangement in the absence of structural alteration (congenital anomilies)

28
Q

the ivf encroachment theory?

A

vertebral subluxation compresses a nerve, this was introduced by DD and BJ palmer

29
Q

Nerve root compression was suggested by who and what does is state?

A

clelin- he stated that it was unlikely that nerve compression would be caused by a subluxation if there was no degenerative disease present

30
Q

What did Giles conclude about the Nerve roots exiting the IVF in the lumbar?

A

that they lack epineural coverings which made them more susceptible to pressure and inflammation

31
Q

the first motion evaluated by the Dr.?

A

joint play

32
Q

what joint play

A

it is a component of active and passive jt. motion.

It represents the give and flexibility of the jt.

33
Q

Is active motion produced by the patient or the practitioner?

A

by the patient

34
Q

during Passive ROM what happens?

A

the Dr. moves the joint in a greater degree as it encounters End play zone (EPZ)

35
Q

Elastic barrier represents what?

A

movement of the jt. past the elastic limits and further movement is only possible through the separation of joint surface

36
Q

after cavitation what space is encountered?

A

paraphysiological space

37
Q

if you go past the limits of the paraphysiological space

what will occur?

A

injury

38
Q

end play (EP)

A

qualitative assessment of resistant at the end of passive joint movements

39
Q

Joint play (JP)

A

assessment of resistance from a neutral position or loose packed position

40
Q

Is EP at the end of JP?

A

yes

41
Q

How is JP assessed?

A

inducing gentle shallow springing movements

42
Q

Quantitative

A

how much the jt. moves

43
Q

how can you measure the quantitative motion of the jt.?

A

visual, instrument, patient feedback

44
Q

qualitative is referring too?

A

how the joint moves by visual and patient feedback

45
Q

Accessory movement?

A

they cannot be preformed by the individual

46
Q

accessory movements refer too what kinds of movements?

A

roll
spin
glide

47
Q

capsular end feel

A

firm but giving, like leather

48
Q

Ligamentous end feel

A

similar to capsular but firmer quality like a knee extension

49
Q

soft tissue end feel

A

giving, squeezing quality, approximation of soft tissue normal - is the elbow flexion

50
Q

abnormal soft tissue end feel

A

muscle hypertrophy

51
Q

Bony end feel

A

hard and non-giving abrupt stop

52
Q

normal bony end feel

A

elbow extension

53
Q

muscular end feel:

A

firm and giving and builds with elongation, not stiff as capsular or ligamentous normal - hip flexion

54
Q

Muscle spasm

A

guarded, resisted by muscle contraction, muscle reaction should be felt, end feel cannot be assessed because of pain or guarding

55
Q

Interarticular end feel

A

bouncy springy quality

abnormal - torn meniscus or joint mice

56
Q

Empty end feel

A

normal end feel resistance is missing, end feel is not encountered at normal point of joint demonstrates unusual give and deformation

57
Q

abnormal end feel

A

joint injury or disease leading to hypermobility

cmt 1 (2 decks)

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