CMT - Quiz 2

Question 1

refer to any substance utilized for construction purposes. Numerous natural materials, like clay, sand, wood, and stone, have been historically employed in construction. Additionally, many artificial products, such as cement, bricks, and concrete blocks, have been utilized extensively over time.

Answer 1

Building Materials

Question 2

construction materials, can differ in their physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics. Their load-bearing capacity and resistance to natural conditions can also vary. Consequently, engineers must analyze the properties of these materials to choose the most appropriate ones at the most economical cost.

Answer 2

Building Materials

Question 3

There are different ways to classify the building materials based on their nature, and uses. The following is the most common classification.

Answer 3

1. Chemical Classification
2. Function Classification

Question 4

Based on the chemical components, building materials can be classified into inorganic and organic materials.

Answer 4

Chemical classifications

Question 5

Inorganic materials can be divided into three groups

Answer 5

Metals such as steel, iron, aluminum, etc.

Metalloids such as natural aggregates, cement, concrete, glass, etc.

Metal-metalloid composition such as reinforced concrete Organic materials such as plastics, wood, rubber, petroleum, etc.

Question 6

Based on this classification, building materials can be classified as follow.

Answer 6

Function classifications

Question 7

materials that are mainly used to resist loads such as reinforced concrete and steel that are used in beams, columns, foundation, etc.

Answer 7

Structural materials

Question 8

typically, are the materials that are not designed to carry loads such as brick or wood partitions.

Answer 8

Nonstructural materials

Question 9

refer to characteristics that can be observed or measured. without altering the material’s chemical composition.. These properties are essential for understanding how a material will behave under different conditions and loads.

Answer 9

Physical properties of construction materials

Question 10

can be defined as the mass per unit volume of a material as described below.

Answer 10

Density

Question 11

The ratio of the mass of the material to the total volume (including voids)

Answer 11

Bulk Density (Pь)

Question 12

can defined as the weight per unit volume of a material as described below

Answer 12

Unit weight (y)

Question 13

Ratio between the density of the material/substance and the density of water. Or the ratio of the unit weight of the material/substance and the density of water.

Answer 13

Specific Gravity (Gs)

Question 14

The ratio between the volume of the voids to the total volume

Answer 14

Porosity (n)

Question 15

The ratio between the volume of the voids to the volume of solids

Answer 15

Void’s Ratio (e)

Question 16

Is the percentage ratio between the weight of water in the voids to the weight of solids

Answer 16

Moisture Content (m)

Question 17

Is the percentage ratio between the volume of water in the voids to the total volume of voids.

Answer 17

Degree of Saturation (S)

Question 18

is related to the behavior of a material under the influence of applied loads.

The external forces applied on a material called loads, this load trying to change the shape of the material. As a result, an internal forces creates in the material which makes it in equilibrium.

Answer 18

Mechanical properties

Question 19

Is the amount of force applied to the unit area

Answer 19

Stress (σ)

Question 20

Is defined as the amount of deformation per unit length of an object when load is applied.

Answer 20

Strain (E)

Question 21

is calculated by dividing the total deformuation of the dimension parallel to the direction of applied forces by the original dimension (10)

Answer 21

Longitudinal Strain

Question 22

is calculated by dividing the total deformation of the dimension perpendicular to the direction of applied forces by the original dimension (Do).

Answer 22

Lateral Strain

Question 23

Is the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain within the elastic limits.

Answer 23

Poisson’s Ratio (v)

Question 24

Is the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic stage

Answer 24

Modulus of Elasticity or Young’s Modulus (E)

Question 25

The material has the ability to recover its original shape after the removal of the load applying on it

Answer 25

Elastic materials

Question 26

The material that cannot recover its original shape after the removal of the load applying on it.

Answer 26

Plastic materials

Question 27

The material has the ability to recover part of the changes in its shape after the removal of the load applying on it.

Answer 27

Elasto-plastic materials

Question 28

It is a graph derived from measuring stress versus strain for a sample of material. The nature of the curve varies from material to material.

Answer 28

STRESS-STRAIN CURVE

Question 29

is the strain that subsides after the removal of the applied stress.

Answer 29

Elastic strain

Question 30

the strain that which not subsides after the removal of the applied stress.

Answer 30

Plastic strain

Question 31

stresses range that do not to cause plastic strains

Answer 31

Elastic range

Question 32

the stress at which gets increase in strain without any increasing in the stresses

Answer 32

Yield strength

Question 33

maximum stress can be applied an the material before they fall.

Answer 33

Ultimate strength

Question 34

Increase in stresses by an increases in strain without a collapse in the material.

Answer 34

Strain hardening

Question 35

is a measure of the materials ability to resist indentation, abrasion and wear. Hardness is quantified by arbitrary hardness scales such as the Rockwell hardness scale or the Brinell hardness scale. These measurements are obtained by a special apparatus that uses an indenter that is loaded with standard weights.

Answer 35

Hardness

Question 36

is a measure of materials ability to deform before failure. can be quantified by reading the value of strain at the fracture point on the stress strain curve or by doing a percent reduction in area calculation. Low carbon steels, pure aluminum, copper, and brass are examples of ductile materials

Answer 36

Ductility

Question 37

is a measure of a material inability to deform before failure. is the opposite of ductility. is not quantified since it is the inability to deform. However, ductility is quantified as discussed above. Examples of brittle materials include glass, cast iron, high carbon steels, and many ceramic materials.

Answer 37

Brittleness

Question 38

is a measure of a materials ability to absorb energy. There are two measures of toughness. Material Toughness and Impact Toughness.

Answer 38

Toughness