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CMS- Quiz Q&A Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What terms refers to the climate of a single vineyard site?

A

Mesoclimate

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2
Q

The majority of the world’s vineyards are planted:

A

between the 30(0) and 50(0) latitude lines

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3
Q

What is not a moderator that can help warm a microclimate?

A

Vine training system

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4
Q

What climate is defined by its proximity to a large body of water?

A

Maritime

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5
Q

What is phylloxera?

A

A vine louse that destroyed many of the world’s vineyards in the mid-to late 1800s

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6
Q

Name 3 positive effects of wind in a vineyard.

A

Dries a vineyard to prevent disease. Can warm a vineyard. Can cool a vineyard.

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7
Q

What is a rain shadow?

A

a dray area on one side of a mountain opposite the wind, rain and generally poor weather,

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8
Q

Name 3 wine regions of the world that are affected by rain shadows.

A

Alsace, Rioja, Washington State

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9
Q

Most quality grape varieties we see today are made from which vine species?

A

Vitis Vinifera

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10
Q

Explain why “green harvesting” is practiced/

A

green harvesting reduced the amount of fruit being produced by the vine and concentrates what remains

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11
Q

(T / F) American oak barrels are generally characterized by more intense aromas of coconut and vanilla than French oak barrels.

A

True

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12
Q

Vinification is defined as:

A

Activities and decisions occurring in the winery

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13
Q

What does not add flavor to the wine?

A

Stainless-steel vinification

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14
Q

What process involves fermentation of whole berries, in which sugars inside grapes are converted to alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

A

carbonic maceration

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15
Q

In the process of fermentation, yeasts metabolize grape sugars and produce:

A
  1. alcohol
  2. carbon dioxide
  3. heat
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16
Q

Name 3 aromas and flavors associated with sur lie aging.

A

Yeast , dough, beer

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17
Q

What wine region is most associated with the use of carbonic maceration?

A

Beaujolais

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18
Q

Why is sorting grapes an important part of the Vinification process?

A

Sorts out undesirable or rotting fruit plus leaves, branches and pests from entering the fermentation vessel.

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19
Q

Tannin in wine:

A

dries the palate out

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20
Q

Acidity in wine:

A

creates a mouth-watering sensation

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21
Q

Which descriptors potentially indicates oak use in wine?

A

Clove and cinnamon

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22
Q

Sweetness in wine is due to:

A

the presence of sugar in the wine

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23
Q

TCA or tricholoranisol in wine is due to:

A

the cork being infected with TCA

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24
Q

A wine would be hazy or cloudy due to:

A

sediment in the wine

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25
Q

CAUSE: warm climate or vintage

A

EFFECT: elevated alcohol in wine

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26
Q

CAUSE: deep purple color wine

A

EFFECT: grape variety with high pigmentation

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27
Q

CAUSE: cold stabilization

A

EFFECT: clarity in sight

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28
Q

CAUSE: high extraction of color

A

EFFECT: elevated acidity in wine

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29
Q

CAUSE: cool climate or vintage

A

EFFECT: elevated acidity in wine

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30
Q

Animal fat in food can:

A

decrease the palate’s perception of tannin in wine

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31
Q

Spicy heat in food can:

A

be inflamed by high-alcohol, be softened by low-alcohol, be softened by sweetness in beverages

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32
Q

Salt in food can:

A

decrease the palate’s perception of acidity

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33
Q

When pairing a sweet wine and a sweet food:

A

the wine should be sweeter than the food

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34
Q

What wine is a classic pairing with Stilton?

A

Port

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35
Q

What is the main grape of Morgon AOP?

A

Gamay

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36
Q

How are the very best vineyards in the Cote d’Or designated?

A

grands crus

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37
Q

What is not a classic region or village for chardonnay in Burgundy?

A

Pommard

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38
Q

What is an example of a designated Chablis Grand Cru?

A

Les Clos

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39
Q

What is not in the Cote Chalonnais?

A

Chassagne-Montrachet

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40
Q

What were the Cistercian monks in Burgundy responsible for first doing?

A

Mapping soil and perceived terroir

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41
Q

How did Napoleon’s Code of Inheritance affect the vineyards of Burgundy?

A

Split up the vineyards into smaller parcels over time giving rise to the negociant

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42
Q

Describe Negociant bottling.

A

merchants buy grapes, juice and/or finished wine for blending and bottling under their own label

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43
Q

Describe Domaine bottling.

A

Grower / producers that own the vineyards of which they are producing wine

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44
Q

Define Clos.

A

a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls

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45
Q

Define Cote.

A

hillside or slope

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46
Q

Define Monopole.

A

parcel of land with single ownership

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47
Q

VILLAGE: Les Clos.

A

GRAPE VARIETY: chardonnay

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48
Q

VILLAGE: Meursault

A

GRAPE VARIETY: chardonnay

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49
Q

VILLAGE: Pommard

A

GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir

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50
Q

VILLAGE: Volnay

A

GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir

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51
Q

VILLAGE: Morgon

A

GRAPE VARIETY: gamay

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52
Q

VILLAGE: Bouzeron

A

GRAPE VARIETY: aligote

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53
Q

VILLAGE: gevrey-chambertin

A

GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir

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54
Q

VILLAGE: Musigny

A

GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir

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55
Q

What is considered the most important grape variety in the Medoc?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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56
Q

What soil in Bordeaux is most suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Gravel

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57
Q

In what year were the wines of the Medoc first classified?

A

1855

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58
Q

Where is Chateau Haut-Brion located?

A

Pessac-Leognan

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59
Q

What region produces only dry, white AOP wines?

A

Entre-Deux-Mers

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60
Q

What grape typically dominated the wines of Pomerol?

A

Merlot

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61
Q

APPELATION (AOP): Margaux (left bank)

A

WINE STYLE: dry red wines

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62
Q

APPELLATION (AOP); Pomerol (right bank)

A

WINE STYLE: dry red wines

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63
Q

APPELLATION (AOP): Sauternes (left bank)

A

WINE STYLE: sweet white wines

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64
Q

APPELATION (AOP): Pessac-Leognan (left bank)

A

WINE STYLE: dry red & white wines

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65
Q

APPELATION (AOP):
Entre-Deux-Mers (in the middle)

A

WINE STYLE: dry white wines

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66
Q

Which area of Bordeaux is best known for not having a classification of its chateaux?

A

Pomerol

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67
Q

Why were the wines of Bordeaux better known internationally than most other French wine?

A

The proximity to the Atlantic Ocean plus the wide Gironde Estuary was larger enough for ships to sail inland the region for international trade

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68
Q

Describe the difference between how the wines of Bordeaux and the wines of Burgundy are classified.

A

Bordeaux classifies by chateau or producer. Burgundy classifies based on land and vineyard terroir

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69
Q

What is a grape not grown in Champagne?

A

Riesling

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70
Q

Sur Lie aging refers to:

A

aging wines on broken-down yeast cells

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71
Q

How does sur lie aging affect the flavor of champagne?

A

Gives the wine a yeasty, fresh-baked-brad aroma and flavor

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72
Q

If champagne is labeled Blanc de Blancs, which grape variety has been used?

A

Chardonnay

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73
Q

Champagne vineyards are best known for which soil type?

A

Chalk

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74
Q

Prosecco is made by which method of sparkling wine production?

A

Tank method / charmat method

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75
Q

What is not a style of Vouvray AOP?

A

Dry red

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76
Q

What does sur lie aging refer to?

A

Aging wines on the lees

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77
Q

How does sur lie aging affect a finished wine?

A

Gives a wine additional expressiveness and richness

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78
Q

What is a sweet wine appellation of Anjou-Saumur?

A

Quarts-de-Chaume

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79
Q

Tuffeau is an important soil type of which area?

A

Touraine

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80
Q

APPELLATION (AOP) :Chinon

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Cabernet Franc

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81
Q

APPLEATION (AOP); Sancerre Blanc

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Sauvignon Blanc

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82
Q

APPELLATION (AOP): Bourgueil

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Cabernet Franc

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83
Q

APPELLATION (AOP); Muscadet de Sevre-et-Maine

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Melon de Bourgogne

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84
Q

APPELLATION (AOP); Savennieres

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Chenin Blanc

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85
Q

APPELLATION (AOP); Pouilly-Fume

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Sauvignon Blanc

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86
Q

APPELLATION (AOP): Vouvray

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Chenin Blanc

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87
Q

APPELLATION (AOP); Sancerre Rouge

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Pinot Noir

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88
Q

What is the name of the mountain range that protect Alsace?

A

Vosges

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89
Q

What is the name of the river that flows to the east of Alsace?

A

Rhine

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90
Q

What does a rain shadow provide?

A

Protection from harsh weather

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91
Q

What grapes are now allowed in Alsace Grand Cru AOP wines?

A

Pinot Noir

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92
Q

What type of wine is Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN)?

A

Botrytis-affected sweet wine

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93
Q

What type of wine is Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Sparkling wine

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94
Q

If a wine from Alsace is labeled by grape variety, it must contain ______ of that variety.

A

100%

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95
Q

Northern Rhone

A

Climate: cool / continental. Vineyard Topography: steep hillsides. Important Soil Types: grante / schist. Main Red Grape Variety: syrah. Main White Grape Variety: viognier. Blends or Single-Variety Wines: single variety wines. Mistral Wind: warms and dries vineyards.

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96
Q

South Rhone

A

Climate: warm mediterranean. Vineyard Topagraphy: flatter plains. Important Soil Types: large river stones (galets). Main Red Grape Variety(s): grenache blanc, clairette, roussanne. Blends or Single Variety Wines: blends. Mistral Wind: cools and dries the vineyards.

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97
Q

APPELATION (AOP): Cote-Rotie

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Syrah

98
Q

APPLEATTION (AOP): Condrieu

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Viognier

99
Q

APPELLATION (AOP): Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Grenache

100
Q

APPELLATION (AOP): Hermitage Blanc

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Marsanne

101
Q

APPLLATION (AOP): Tavel

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Grenache

102
Q

APPLLATION (AOP): Gigondas

A

GRAPE VARIETY : Grenache

103
Q

APPELLATION: Cornas

A

GRAPE VARIETY: Syrah

104
Q

The alps provide _____ to the Piedmont wine region.

A

a rain shadow

105
Q

What does metodo classico refer to?

A

sparkling wines made using the classic method

106
Q

What is Italy’s most important river in Piedmont?

A

Po

107
Q

What wine is made by the appassimento process?

A

amarone

108
Q

By law, when can Brunello di Montaclino wines be released for sale?

A

after january 1st of the fifth year following harvest.

109
Q

What DOCG zone is located in Piedmont?

A

Barolo

110
Q

STYLE OF WINE: Off-dry, semi-sparkling wine

A

DOC / DOCG : Moscato d’ Asti

111
Q

STYLE OF WINE: Dry red wines

A

DOC / DOCG: Barbera d’ Asti, Valtellina Superiore, Brunelli di Montalcino, Etna Rosso, Taurasi

112
Q

STYLE OF WINE: Dry white wines

A

DOC / DOCG : Gavi, Soave Superiore, Fiano di Avellino, Greco di Tufo, Verdicchio di Matelica

113
Q

STYLE OF WINE: Sweet, sparkling red wines

A

DOC/ DOCG: Brachetto d’Acqui

114
Q

STYLE OF WINE: Dry, metodo classico sparkling wines

A

DOC / DOCG: Franciacorta

115
Q

GRAPE VARIETY: Sangiovese

A

DOC / DOCG: Brunello di Montalcino & Chianti Classico

116
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Lambrusco

A

DOC / DOCG : Lambrusco

117
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Corvina

A

DOC / DOCG: Valpolicella & Amarone della Valpolicella

118
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Nebbiolo

A

DOC / DOCG : Barbaresco, Barolo & Valtellina Superiore

119
Q

GRAPE VARIETY: Garganega

A

DOC / DOCG : Soave

120
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Cortese

A

DOC / DOCG: Gavi

121
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Aglianico

A

DOC / DOCG: Taurasi

122
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Chardonnay

A

DOC / DOCG : Franciacorta

123
Q

GRAPE VARIETY: Pinot Nero

A

DOC / DOCG: Franciacorta

124
Q

GRAPE VARIETY : Glera

A

DOC / DOCG: Prosecco

125
Q

GRAPE VARIETY: Nerello Mascalese

A

DOC / DOCG: Etna Rosso

126
Q

What is the Prädikat system based on?

A

ripeness of grapes at harvest

127
Q

What is an important river in one of Germany’s wine regions?

A

Rhine

128
Q

All GG wines are:

A

dry (trocken)

129
Q

Spätburgunder is the German word for which grape variety?

A

Pinot Noir

130
Q

(least ripe to most ripe) rank the following Prädikat: Eiswein, Beerenauslese (BA), Auslese, Spätlese, Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA), Kabinett

A

Kabinett, Spätlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese (BA), Eiswein, Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)

131
Q

Name 5 of the 13 German ambaugebiete:

A

Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Nahe

132
Q

What is Einzellage?

A

A vineyard name

133
Q

Name three ways vineyards in the Mosel attain warmth to help grapes ripe.

A

Sun reflecting from rivers, steep slopes, heat retaining properties of slate soil.

134
Q

What are the four major wine-growing regions of Austria?

A

Wien (Vienna), Burgenland & Niederösterreich

135
Q

What is Austria’s signature white grape variety?

A

Grüner Veltliner

136
Q

What style of wine is mainly produced in Austria?

A

either very dry or very sweet

137
Q

Smaragd is a quality term used in what wine region?

A

Wachau

138
Q

What river is most important to Austrian viticulture?

A

Danube

139
Q

In which DO will you find wines made from the Albbariño grape?

A

Rias Baxias DO

140
Q

What are the two DOCa regions of Spain?

A

Rioja and Priorat

141
Q

Priorat DOQ produces what style of wine?

A

powerful, dry red wines

142
Q

Which aspect if topography affects the climate of Ribera del Duero?

A

strong diurnal difference, warm to hot summer & high elevation of the Meseta

143
Q

The main white grape variety of Rueda is:

A

verdejo

144
Q

Which combination of region and grape variety is not correct?

A

Priorat & Tempranillo

145
Q

What does “gran Reserva” on a label of Rioja refer to?

A

aging requirements for time in barrel and bottle

146
Q

In which DOP will you find wines made from the Alvarinho, Trajadura & Loureiro grapes?

A

Vinho verde

147
Q

The Douro DOP shares the same appellation boundaries as which fortified wine?

A

Port

148
Q

What description best characterizes the white wines from the Vinho Verde DOP?

A

Youthful, high acid, low alcohol, slightly effervescent

149
Q

Baixo Corgo is a sub-zone of which wine region?

A

douro DOP

150
Q

The best vineyards are planted on which soil type in the Douro DOP?

A

schist

151
Q

What description best characterizes the red wines from the Duoro DOP?

A

rich, intense & full-bodied

152
Q

Which governmental body control the production and sale of beverage alcohol?

A

TTB

153
Q

For a Rutherford AVA Merlot, what is the minimum percentage of Merlot that must be in the wine?

A

75%

154
Q

What best describes the climate of the Anderson Valley and its best-known style of wine?

A

cool climate / sparkling wines

155
Q

Which of the following is an AVA in Sonoma County?

A

Russian River Valley

156
Q

Who is credited with importing European vinifera vines to California?

A

Agoston Haraszthy

157
Q

The Willamette Valley is best known for which grape variety?

A

Pinot noir

158
Q

What makes up most of the vineyard plantings in Chile?

A

red grape varieties

159
Q

T/F: The Valle Central DO is the largest wine-growing area in Chile.

A

true

160
Q

Both the San Antonio and Casablanca DOs share this trait.

A

Cool climate regions near the Pacific Coast

161
Q

is the best-known grape variety produced in the Maipo Valley?

A

cabernet sauvignon

162
Q

What brings cool, most air and fog to the coastal regions of Chile?

A

Humboldt Current

163
Q

T/F: Carmenere is a grape brought to Chile from the Bordeaux region of France.

A

True

164
Q

What is not a sub-region of the Valle Central DO?

A

Mendoza

165
Q

For a long time, Camenere was mistaken for which grape variety?

A

Merlot

166
Q

In order to bear the name of a grape, vintage, or region, a wine must contain a minimum what percent according to Chilean wine law?

A

75%

167
Q

Most producers use what percent in order to adhere to European law for export?

A

85%

168
Q

What is the primary red grape variety of Argentina?

A

Malbec

169
Q

What is the primary white grape variety of Argentina?

A

Torrontes

170
Q

What is a prominent area in Argentina for Torrontes?

A

Salta

171
Q

What is an important feature of the Salta vineyards?

A

high altitude

172
Q

What is the Zonda?

A

a fierce wind from the Andes

173
Q

Where is the Lujan de Cuyo DOC located?

A

Mendoza

174
Q

What is the major hazard to the vineyards of Mendoza?

A

Hail

175
Q

List one pro and one con for how the Zonda affects viticulture in Mendoza.

A

Pro: keeps vineyards dry to prevent mildew and other diseases
Con: the wind is very string and can affect springtime vine flowering

176
Q

Steen is a local name for which grape variety?

A

chenin blanc

177
Q

The grape variety Pinotage is a _______ of Cinsault and Pinot Noir.

A

Crossing

178
Q

The Benguela Current can help:

A

cool coastal South African vineyards

179
Q

What is a district in South Africa?

A

Stellenbosch

180
Q

Order the following South African geographic wine of origin designations from smallest to largest:

A
  1. estate
  2. ward
  3. district
  4. region
  5. geographical units
181
Q

What is the KWV?

A

former cooperative that has historically helped to standardize the wine industry. now a private company focused on quality

182
Q

Name three effects of the Cape Doctor wind on the vineyards of South Africa:

A
  1. helps suppress fungal disease
  2. helps moderate temperatures
  3. a very strong wind that can injure the vines and disturb flowering
183
Q

Which of the following is the largest Australian GI?

A

Southeastern Australia

184
Q

Which region is famous for its Terra Rossa soil?

A

Coonawarra

185
Q

The Clare Valley and the Eden Valley are most noted for which style of wine?

A

Dry riesling

186
Q

Sparkling wines production thrives in Victoria due to which factor?

A

proximity to cool ocean breezes

187
Q

Why does the Barossa Valley have many 100+ year old vines?

A

Absence of phylloxera

188
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Eden Valley

A

STYLE OF WINE: Dry Riesling

189
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Yarra Valley

A

STYLE OF WINE: chardonnay & pinot noir

190
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Barossa Valley

A

STYLE OF WINE: bold shiraz

191
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Hunter Valley

A

STYLE OF WINE: dry semillon

192
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Margaret River

A

STYLE OF WINE: bold shiraz & semillon / sauvignon blanc blends

193
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Coonawarra

A

STYLE FO WINE: cabernet sauvignon

194
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Rutherglen

A

STYLE OF WINE: Muscat-based sweet wines

195
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: Clare Valley

A

STYLE OF WINE: dry Riesling

196
Q

AUSTRALIAN GI: McLaren Vale

A

STYLE OF WINE: bold shiraz

197
Q

What is the primary grape variety of the Marlborough GI?

A

sauvignon blanc

198
Q

What is the primary grape variety of the Central Otago GI?

A

pinot noir

199
Q

What do the Southern Alps provide?

A

a rain shadow that protects the vineyard areas of the South Island

200
Q

Which of the following is true about the Gimblett Gravels?

A

it is well-known for red Bordeaux grape varieties, it is a sub-zone of Hawke’s Bay & it has a unique gravelly soil type

201
Q

North Island (NZ) Wine Regions:

A

Martinborough, Hawke’s Bay, Gisborne, Auckland & Wairarapa

202
Q

South Island (NZ) Wine Regions:

A

Marlborough & Central Otago

203
Q

What wine is matured under a layer of Flor?

A

fino sherry

204
Q

A solera is used for which part of the Vinification process?

A

maturation

205
Q

Which grape variety and soil combination produces the highest quality sherry?

A

palomino / albariza

206
Q

Describe each Medeira grape style as either sweet or dry.

A

Malmsey- sweet
Sercial - dry
Verdelho - dry
Boal- sweet

207
Q

Which of the following Port styles is simple, inexpenssive, and considered a house brand?

A

Ruby

208
Q

Banyuls is a sweet, fortified wine from:

A

France made with the Grenache grape

209
Q

What type of wine is Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?

A

vin doux naturel

210
Q

Which of the following is a main grape of Port?

A

touriga nacional

211
Q

Aguardente is defined as:

A

neutral grape spirit used for Port production

212
Q

What is the difference between Estufa aging and Canteiro aging with regard to Madeira?

A

Estufa aging: stainless stell tanks fit with heating coils circulate warm water to heat the wine over the course of months
Canteiro aging: wines are aged in oak casks for at least two years in attics exposed to the sun’s natural warmth undergoing a much slower and gentler maturation process.

213
Q

What does “Trockenbeerenauslese” (TBA) on a bottle of German Riesling indicate?

A

the wine is made from grapes affected by botrytis

214
Q

What two countries are famous for icewine productions?

A

Germany and Canada

215
Q

Tokaji Aszu is a famous sweet wine from which country?

A

Hungary

216
Q

What is the main grape variety used to make Tokaji Aszu?

A

Furmint

217
Q

Recioto is an Italian word referring to which type of wine?

A

Dried grapes

218
Q

Bonnezeaux is a famous boytris-affected sweet wine from which region?

A

Loire Valley, France

219
Q

Name four ways to concentrate sugars in grapes in the vineyard for sweet wine production.

A

Harvesting late, Botrytis, Drying grapes, Freezing grapes

220
Q

What are some examples of the primary ingredients in beer?

A

Hops, yeast, malt

221
Q

Hops contribute which of the following to beer?

A

Bitterness to balance the sweetness of malt, Provide aroma and flavor & Act as a preservative

222
Q

What is malt in beer?

A

Germinated barely that contributes the sugars needed for fermentation

223
Q

What are the two broad beer categories of ale and lager are based on?

A

Strain of yeast used for fermentation

224
Q

Which of the following beer styles is an example of an ale?

A

stout

225
Q

Which of the following beer styles is an example of a lager?

A

pilsner

226
Q

What is koji-kin?

A

a fungus usedto convert starches to sugar in sake rice

227
Q

What type of sake is Nigori?

A

unfiltered

228
Q

What type of sake is Namazake?

A

unpasteurized

229
Q

if sake is labeled Junmai Daigingo: How much of the rice grain is polished away?

A

50%

230
Q

If sake is labeled Junmai Daigingo: How much of the rice grain is remaining?

A

50%

231
Q

If sake is labeled Junmai Daigingo: Is alcohol added?

A

No

232
Q

Order the following polish levels from highest to lowest quality:

A
  1. Daigingo
  2. Ginjo
  3. Honjozo
233
Q

Name three primary cider production areas in North America:

A
  1. great lakes / midwest
  2. pacific northwest
  3. hudson valley, NY
234
Q

Name three primary cider production areas in Europe:

A
  1. normandy, france
  2. asturias, spain
  3. england
235
Q

What are the primary ingredients of cider?

A
  1. apples
  2. yeast
  3. sugar
236
Q

(T/F) Apple destined for cider are the same as grocery store eating apples

A

false

237
Q

With what spirit is the term “reposado” used to describe aging?

A

tequila

238
Q

Flavoring a neutral spirit with botanicals such as juniper berries and lemon peel is common for ___?

A

gin

239
Q

What is the predominant flavor of Kahlua?

A

coffee

240
Q

Apples and pears are the primary fruits of what spirit?

A

calvados

241
Q

“peatiness” is a dominant flavor of what spirit?

A

scotch whisky

242
Q

What is the base ingredient of rum?

A

sugarcane or molasses

CMS - Intro (2 decks)

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