CMS- Quiz Q&A Flashcards
What terms refers to the climate of a single vineyard site?
Mesoclimate
The majority of the world’s vineyards are planted:
between the 30(0) and 50(0) latitude lines
What is not a moderator that can help warm a microclimate?
Vine training system
What climate is defined by its proximity to a large body of water?
Maritime
What is phylloxera?
A vine louse that destroyed many of the world’s vineyards in the mid-to late 1800s
Name 3 positive effects of wind in a vineyard.
Dries a vineyard to prevent disease. Can warm a vineyard. Can cool a vineyard.
What is a rain shadow?
a dray area on one side of a mountain opposite the wind, rain and generally poor weather,
Name 3 wine regions of the world that are affected by rain shadows.
Alsace, Rioja, Washington State
Most quality grape varieties we see today are made from which vine species?
Vitis Vinifera
Explain why “green harvesting” is practiced/
green harvesting reduced the amount of fruit being produced by the vine and concentrates what remains
(T / F) American oak barrels are generally characterized by more intense aromas of coconut and vanilla than French oak barrels.
True
Vinification is defined as:
Activities and decisions occurring in the winery
What does not add flavor to the wine?
Stainless-steel vinification
What process involves fermentation of whole berries, in which sugars inside grapes are converted to alcohol in the absence of oxygen?
carbonic maceration
In the process of fermentation, yeasts metabolize grape sugars and produce:
- alcohol
- carbon dioxide
- heat
Name 3 aromas and flavors associated with sur lie aging.
Yeast , dough, beer
What wine region is most associated with the use of carbonic maceration?
Beaujolais
Why is sorting grapes an important part of the Vinification process?
Sorts out undesirable or rotting fruit plus leaves, branches and pests from entering the fermentation vessel.
Tannin in wine:
dries the palate out
Acidity in wine:
creates a mouth-watering sensation
Which descriptors potentially indicates oak use in wine?
Clove and cinnamon
Sweetness in wine is due to:
the presence of sugar in the wine
TCA or tricholoranisol in wine is due to:
the cork being infected with TCA
A wine would be hazy or cloudy due to:
sediment in the wine
CAUSE: warm climate or vintage
EFFECT: elevated alcohol in wine
CAUSE: deep purple color wine
EFFECT: grape variety with high pigmentation
CAUSE: cold stabilization
EFFECT: clarity in sight
CAUSE: high extraction of color
EFFECT: elevated acidity in wine
CAUSE: cool climate or vintage
EFFECT: elevated acidity in wine
Animal fat in food can:
decrease the palate’s perception of tannin in wine
Spicy heat in food can:
be inflamed by high-alcohol, be softened by low-alcohol, be softened by sweetness in beverages
Salt in food can:
decrease the palate’s perception of acidity
When pairing a sweet wine and a sweet food:
the wine should be sweeter than the food
What wine is a classic pairing with Stilton?
Port
What is the main grape of Morgon AOP?
Gamay
How are the very best vineyards in the Cote d’Or designated?
grands crus
What is not a classic region or village for chardonnay in Burgundy?
Pommard
What is an example of a designated Chablis Grand Cru?
Les Clos
What is not in the Cote Chalonnais?
Chassagne-Montrachet
What were the Cistercian monks in Burgundy responsible for first doing?
Mapping soil and perceived terroir
How did Napoleon’s Code of Inheritance affect the vineyards of Burgundy?
Split up the vineyards into smaller parcels over time giving rise to the negociant
Describe Negociant bottling.
merchants buy grapes, juice and/or finished wine for blending and bottling under their own label
Describe Domaine bottling.
Grower / producers that own the vineyards of which they are producing wine
Define Clos.
a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls
Define Cote.
hillside or slope
Define Monopole.
parcel of land with single ownership
VILLAGE: Les Clos.
GRAPE VARIETY: chardonnay
VILLAGE: Meursault
GRAPE VARIETY: chardonnay
VILLAGE: Pommard
GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir
VILLAGE: Volnay
GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir
VILLAGE: Morgon
GRAPE VARIETY: gamay
VILLAGE: Bouzeron
GRAPE VARIETY: aligote
VILLAGE: gevrey-chambertin
GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir
VILLAGE: Musigny
GRAPE VARIETY: pinot noir
What is considered the most important grape variety in the Medoc?
Cabernet Sauvignon
What soil in Bordeaux is most suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon?
Gravel
In what year were the wines of the Medoc first classified?
1855
Where is Chateau Haut-Brion located?
Pessac-Leognan
What region produces only dry, white AOP wines?
Entre-Deux-Mers
What grape typically dominated the wines of Pomerol?
Merlot
APPELATION (AOP): Margaux (left bank)
WINE STYLE: dry red wines
APPELLATION (AOP); Pomerol (right bank)
WINE STYLE: dry red wines
APPELLATION (AOP): Sauternes (left bank)
WINE STYLE: sweet white wines
APPELATION (AOP): Pessac-Leognan (left bank)
WINE STYLE: dry red & white wines
APPELATION (AOP):
Entre-Deux-Mers (in the middle)
WINE STYLE: dry white wines
Which area of Bordeaux is best known for not having a classification of its chateaux?
Pomerol
Why were the wines of Bordeaux better known internationally than most other French wine?
The proximity to the Atlantic Ocean plus the wide Gironde Estuary was larger enough for ships to sail inland the region for international trade
Describe the difference between how the wines of Bordeaux and the wines of Burgundy are classified.
Bordeaux classifies by chateau or producer. Burgundy classifies based on land and vineyard terroir
What is a grape not grown in Champagne?
Riesling
Sur Lie aging refers to:
aging wines on broken-down yeast cells
How does sur lie aging affect the flavor of champagne?
Gives the wine a yeasty, fresh-baked-brad aroma and flavor
If champagne is labeled Blanc de Blancs, which grape variety has been used?
Chardonnay
Champagne vineyards are best known for which soil type?
Chalk
Prosecco is made by which method of sparkling wine production?
Tank method / charmat method
What is not a style of Vouvray AOP?
Dry red
What does sur lie aging refer to?
Aging wines on the lees
How does sur lie aging affect a finished wine?
Gives a wine additional expressiveness and richness
What is a sweet wine appellation of Anjou-Saumur?
Quarts-de-Chaume
Tuffeau is an important soil type of which area?
Touraine
APPELLATION (AOP) :Chinon
GRAPE VARIETY : Cabernet Franc
APPLEATION (AOP); Sancerre Blanc
GRAPE VARIETY : Sauvignon Blanc
APPELLATION (AOP): Bourgueil
GRAPE VARIETY : Cabernet Franc
APPELLATION (AOP); Muscadet de Sevre-et-Maine
GRAPE VARIETY : Melon de Bourgogne
APPELLATION (AOP); Savennieres
GRAPE VARIETY : Chenin Blanc
APPELLATION (AOP); Pouilly-Fume
GRAPE VARIETY : Sauvignon Blanc
APPELLATION (AOP): Vouvray
GRAPE VARIETY : Chenin Blanc
APPELLATION (AOP); Sancerre Rouge
GRAPE VARIETY: Pinot Noir
What is the name of the mountain range that protect Alsace?
Vosges
What is the name of the river that flows to the east of Alsace?
Rhine
What does a rain shadow provide?
Protection from harsh weather
What grapes are now allowed in Alsace Grand Cru AOP wines?
Pinot Noir
What type of wine is Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN)?
Botrytis-affected sweet wine
What type of wine is Cremant d’Alsace?
Sparkling wine
If a wine from Alsace is labeled by grape variety, it must contain ______ of that variety.
100%
Northern Rhone
Climate: cool / continental. Vineyard Topography: steep hillsides. Important Soil Types: grante / schist. Main Red Grape Variety: syrah. Main White Grape Variety: viognier. Blends or Single-Variety Wines: single variety wines. Mistral Wind: warms and dries vineyards.
South Rhone
Climate: warm mediterranean. Vineyard Topagraphy: flatter plains. Important Soil Types: large river stones (galets). Main Red Grape Variety(s): grenache blanc, clairette, roussanne. Blends or Single Variety Wines: blends. Mistral Wind: cools and dries the vineyards.
APPELATION (AOP): Cote-Rotie
GRAPE VARIETY: Syrah
APPLEATTION (AOP): Condrieu
GRAPE VARIETY: Viognier
APPELLATION (AOP): Chateauneuf-du-Pape
GRAPE VARIETY: Grenache
APPELLATION (AOP): Hermitage Blanc
GRAPE VARIETY: Marsanne
APPLLATION (AOP): Tavel
GRAPE VARIETY: Grenache
APPLLATION (AOP): Gigondas
GRAPE VARIETY : Grenache
APPELLATION: Cornas
GRAPE VARIETY: Syrah
The alps provide _____ to the Piedmont wine region.
a rain shadow
What does metodo classico refer to?
sparkling wines made using the classic method
What is Italy’s most important river in Piedmont?
Po
What wine is made by the appassimento process?
amarone
By law, when can Brunello di Montaclino wines be released for sale?
after january 1st of the fifth year following harvest.
What DOCG zone is located in Piedmont?
Barolo
STYLE OF WINE: Off-dry, semi-sparkling wine
DOC / DOCG : Moscato d’ Asti
STYLE OF WINE: Dry red wines
DOC / DOCG: Barbera d’ Asti, Valtellina Superiore, Brunelli di Montalcino, Etna Rosso, Taurasi
STYLE OF WINE: Dry white wines
DOC / DOCG : Gavi, Soave Superiore, Fiano di Avellino, Greco di Tufo, Verdicchio di Matelica
STYLE OF WINE: Sweet, sparkling red wines
DOC/ DOCG: Brachetto d’Acqui
STYLE OF WINE: Dry, metodo classico sparkling wines
DOC / DOCG: Franciacorta
GRAPE VARIETY: Sangiovese
DOC / DOCG: Brunello di Montalcino & Chianti Classico
GRAPE VARIETY : Lambrusco
DOC / DOCG : Lambrusco
GRAPE VARIETY : Corvina
DOC / DOCG: Valpolicella & Amarone della Valpolicella
GRAPE VARIETY : Nebbiolo
DOC / DOCG : Barbaresco, Barolo & Valtellina Superiore
GRAPE VARIETY: Garganega
DOC / DOCG : Soave
GRAPE VARIETY : Cortese
DOC / DOCG: Gavi
GRAPE VARIETY : Aglianico
DOC / DOCG: Taurasi
GRAPE VARIETY : Chardonnay
DOC / DOCG : Franciacorta
GRAPE VARIETY: Pinot Nero
DOC / DOCG: Franciacorta
GRAPE VARIETY : Glera
DOC / DOCG: Prosecco
GRAPE VARIETY: Nerello Mascalese
DOC / DOCG: Etna Rosso
What is the Prädikat system based on?
ripeness of grapes at harvest
What is an important river in one of Germany’s wine regions?
Rhine
All GG wines are:
dry (trocken)
Spätburgunder is the German word for which grape variety?
Pinot Noir
(least ripe to most ripe) rank the following Prädikat: Eiswein, Beerenauslese (BA), Auslese, Spätlese, Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA), Kabinett
Kabinett, Spätlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese (BA), Eiswein, Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)
Name 5 of the 13 German ambaugebiete:
Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Nahe
What is Einzellage?
A vineyard name
Name three ways vineyards in the Mosel attain warmth to help grapes ripe.
Sun reflecting from rivers, steep slopes, heat retaining properties of slate soil.
What are the four major wine-growing regions of Austria?
Wien (Vienna), Burgenland & Niederösterreich
What is Austria’s signature white grape variety?
Grüner Veltliner
What style of wine is mainly produced in Austria?
either very dry or very sweet
Smaragd is a quality term used in what wine region?
Wachau
What river is most important to Austrian viticulture?
Danube
In which DO will you find wines made from the Albbariño grape?
Rias Baxias DO
What are the two DOCa regions of Spain?
Rioja and Priorat
Priorat DOQ produces what style of wine?
powerful, dry red wines
Which aspect if topography affects the climate of Ribera del Duero?
strong diurnal difference, warm to hot summer & high elevation of the Meseta
The main white grape variety of Rueda is:
verdejo
Which combination of region and grape variety is not correct?
Priorat & Tempranillo
What does “gran Reserva” on a label of Rioja refer to?
aging requirements for time in barrel and bottle
In which DOP will you find wines made from the Alvarinho, Trajadura & Loureiro grapes?
Vinho verde
The Douro DOP shares the same appellation boundaries as which fortified wine?
Port
What description best characterizes the white wines from the Vinho Verde DOP?
Youthful, high acid, low alcohol, slightly effervescent
Baixo Corgo is a sub-zone of which wine region?
douro DOP
The best vineyards are planted on which soil type in the Douro DOP?
schist
What description best characterizes the red wines from the Duoro DOP?
rich, intense & full-bodied
Which governmental body control the production and sale of beverage alcohol?
TTB
For a Rutherford AVA Merlot, what is the minimum percentage of Merlot that must be in the wine?
75%
What best describes the climate of the Anderson Valley and its best-known style of wine?
cool climate / sparkling wines
Which of the following is an AVA in Sonoma County?
Russian River Valley
Who is credited with importing European vinifera vines to California?
Agoston Haraszthy
The Willamette Valley is best known for which grape variety?
Pinot noir
What makes up most of the vineyard plantings in Chile?
red grape varieties
T/F: The Valle Central DO is the largest wine-growing area in Chile.
true
Both the San Antonio and Casablanca DOs share this trait.
Cool climate regions near the Pacific Coast
is the best-known grape variety produced in the Maipo Valley?
cabernet sauvignon
What brings cool, most air and fog to the coastal regions of Chile?
Humboldt Current
T/F: Carmenere is a grape brought to Chile from the Bordeaux region of France.
True
What is not a sub-region of the Valle Central DO?
Mendoza
For a long time, Camenere was mistaken for which grape variety?
Merlot
In order to bear the name of a grape, vintage, or region, a wine must contain a minimum what percent according to Chilean wine law?
75%
Most producers use what percent in order to adhere to European law for export?
85%
What is the primary red grape variety of Argentina?
Malbec
What is the primary white grape variety of Argentina?
Torrontes
What is a prominent area in Argentina for Torrontes?
Salta
What is an important feature of the Salta vineyards?
high altitude
What is the Zonda?
a fierce wind from the Andes
Where is the Lujan de Cuyo DOC located?
Mendoza
What is the major hazard to the vineyards of Mendoza?
Hail
List one pro and one con for how the Zonda affects viticulture in Mendoza.
Pro: keeps vineyards dry to prevent mildew and other diseases
Con: the wind is very string and can affect springtime vine flowering
Steen is a local name for which grape variety?
chenin blanc
The grape variety Pinotage is a _______ of Cinsault and Pinot Noir.
Crossing
The Benguela Current can help:
cool coastal South African vineyards
What is a district in South Africa?
Stellenbosch
Order the following South African geographic wine of origin designations from smallest to largest:
- estate
- ward
- district
- region
- geographical units
What is the KWV?
former cooperative that has historically helped to standardize the wine industry. now a private company focused on quality
Name three effects of the Cape Doctor wind on the vineyards of South Africa:
- helps suppress fungal disease
- helps moderate temperatures
- a very strong wind that can injure the vines and disturb flowering
Which of the following is the largest Australian GI?
Southeastern Australia
Which region is famous for its Terra Rossa soil?
Coonawarra
The Clare Valley and the Eden Valley are most noted for which style of wine?
Dry riesling
Sparkling wines production thrives in Victoria due to which factor?
proximity to cool ocean breezes
Why does the Barossa Valley have many 100+ year old vines?
Absence of phylloxera
AUSTRALIAN GI: Eden Valley
STYLE OF WINE: Dry Riesling
AUSTRALIAN GI: Yarra Valley
STYLE OF WINE: chardonnay & pinot noir
AUSTRALIAN GI: Barossa Valley
STYLE OF WINE: bold shiraz
AUSTRALIAN GI: Hunter Valley
STYLE OF WINE: dry semillon
AUSTRALIAN GI: Margaret River
STYLE OF WINE: bold shiraz & semillon / sauvignon blanc blends
AUSTRALIAN GI: Coonawarra
STYLE FO WINE: cabernet sauvignon
AUSTRALIAN GI: Rutherglen
STYLE OF WINE: Muscat-based sweet wines
AUSTRALIAN GI: Clare Valley
STYLE OF WINE: dry Riesling
AUSTRALIAN GI: McLaren Vale
STYLE OF WINE: bold shiraz
What is the primary grape variety of the Marlborough GI?
sauvignon blanc
What is the primary grape variety of the Central Otago GI?
pinot noir
What do the Southern Alps provide?
a rain shadow that protects the vineyard areas of the South Island
Which of the following is true about the Gimblett Gravels?
it is well-known for red Bordeaux grape varieties, it is a sub-zone of Hawke’s Bay & it has a unique gravelly soil type
North Island (NZ) Wine Regions:
Martinborough, Hawke’s Bay, Gisborne, Auckland & Wairarapa
South Island (NZ) Wine Regions:
Marlborough & Central Otago
What wine is matured under a layer of Flor?
fino sherry
A solera is used for which part of the Vinification process?
maturation
Which grape variety and soil combination produces the highest quality sherry?
palomino / albariza
Describe each Medeira grape style as either sweet or dry.
Malmsey- sweet
Sercial - dry
Verdelho - dry
Boal- sweet
Which of the following Port styles is simple, inexpenssive, and considered a house brand?
Ruby
Banyuls is a sweet, fortified wine from:
France made with the Grenache grape
What type of wine is Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?
vin doux naturel
Which of the following is a main grape of Port?
touriga nacional
Aguardente is defined as:
neutral grape spirit used for Port production
What is the difference between Estufa aging and Canteiro aging with regard to Madeira?
Estufa aging: stainless stell tanks fit with heating coils circulate warm water to heat the wine over the course of months
Canteiro aging: wines are aged in oak casks for at least two years in attics exposed to the sun’s natural warmth undergoing a much slower and gentler maturation process.
What does “Trockenbeerenauslese” (TBA) on a bottle of German Riesling indicate?
the wine is made from grapes affected by botrytis
What two countries are famous for icewine productions?
Germany and Canada
Tokaji Aszu is a famous sweet wine from which country?
Hungary
What is the main grape variety used to make Tokaji Aszu?
Furmint
Recioto is an Italian word referring to which type of wine?
Dried grapes
Bonnezeaux is a famous boytris-affected sweet wine from which region?
Loire Valley, France
Name four ways to concentrate sugars in grapes in the vineyard for sweet wine production.
Harvesting late, Botrytis, Drying grapes, Freezing grapes
What are some examples of the primary ingredients in beer?
Hops, yeast, malt
Hops contribute which of the following to beer?
Bitterness to balance the sweetness of malt, Provide aroma and flavor & Act as a preservative
What is malt in beer?
Germinated barely that contributes the sugars needed for fermentation
What are the two broad beer categories of ale and lager are based on?
Strain of yeast used for fermentation
Which of the following beer styles is an example of an ale?
stout
Which of the following beer styles is an example of a lager?
pilsner
What is koji-kin?
a fungus usedto convert starches to sugar in sake rice
What type of sake is Nigori?
unfiltered
What type of sake is Namazake?
unpasteurized
if sake is labeled Junmai Daigingo: How much of the rice grain is polished away?
50%
If sake is labeled Junmai Daigingo: How much of the rice grain is remaining?
50%
If sake is labeled Junmai Daigingo: Is alcohol added?
No
Order the following polish levels from highest to lowest quality:
- Daigingo
- Ginjo
- Honjozo
Name three primary cider production areas in North America:
- great lakes / midwest
- pacific northwest
- hudson valley, NY
Name three primary cider production areas in Europe:
- normandy, france
- asturias, spain
- england
What are the primary ingredients of cider?
- apples
- yeast
- sugar
(T/F) Apple destined for cider are the same as grocery store eating apples
false
With what spirit is the term “reposado” used to describe aging?
tequila
Flavoring a neutral spirit with botanicals such as juniper berries and lemon peel is common for ___?
gin
What is the predominant flavor of Kahlua?
coffee
Apples and pears are the primary fruits of what spirit?
calvados
“peatiness” is a dominant flavor of what spirit?
scotch whisky
What is the base ingredient of rum?
sugarcane or molasses
