Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Q3 Clin LAB Test 1 (UA, Na, K, CMP) > CMP (lec 4) > Flashcards

CMP (lec 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Components of CMP for renal fxn?

A

BUN

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of CMP for liver fxn?

A

Alk Phos
ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
Total Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Components of CMP for Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP)?

A 
(components separated based on charge)
Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca+
CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Remaining components of CMP?

A

Glu
Total Protein
Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Total Protein = ?

Tells us?

A

prealbumin + albumin (60%) + globulins

Dx/monitoring:
CA, immun, liver dz, edema, impaired nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Albumin is?

Tells us?

A

liver-produced protein,
transports molecules thru blood,
maintains osmotic pressure (keeps fluid in blood)

Hepatic fxn, nutritional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Low albumin caused by? (5)

A

1) poor nutrition,
2) protein-losing entero- or nephropathy,
3) liver dz,
4) third-spacing (fluid leak -e.g. burns/ascites),
5) inflamm dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

High albumin caused by?

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Globulins are?

Made where?

A

proteins used in making antibodies, acute reactants

bone marrow, lymph tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

High globulins caused by?

A

(U) high when ablumin is low

actue rxns
chronic inflamm dz
advanced cirrhosis (ascites = low albumin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Total Ca2+ = ?

Simultaneously measures?

A

free (ionized) + protein-bound

albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ca2+ tells us?

Monitors?

A

parathyroid fxn

renal fail,
hyperparathroid,
CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ca2+ critical values are?

A

< 6 or > 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ca2+ distribution?

A

99% bone

  1. 8% cells
  2. 1% ECF

ECF:
50% free
10% complexed
40% protein-bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Free Ca2+ important for?

A

nm activity
enzyme rxn
blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ca2+ absorbed?

Stored?

Excreted?

A

from intestines via Vit D

bone

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Serum Ca2+ regulated by?

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Vit D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Physio response to↓ Ca2+?

A

PTH secretion -> ↑ Vit D activation -> ↑ Ca2+ by:
absorb from gut,
release from bone,
conservation by kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypercalcemia (U) caused by?

A

Decreased bone reab from hyperparathyroidism,
Bone destruction from CA

Ca2+ > 10.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypercalcemia sxs:

Neuromuscular?

CV?

Renal?

GI?

A

Neuromm:
↓ excitability -> mm weakness -> lethargy

CV:
HTN, short QT Int

Renal:
polyuria, ↑ thirst, stone

GI:
anorexia, N/V/C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is?

Leads to?

A

excess PTH secretion -> hyperCa2+ -> parathyroid adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

HPT epidemiology?

A

F>M

>50yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HPT presentation?

A

(U) asymp

Bones, Stones, Abd Groans, Psychic Moans, Fatigue Overtones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HPT X-Ray findings?

A

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica:

eroded, lace-like phalanges from subperiosteal reab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
HPT diagnostics?
HyperCa2+/Hypophosphatemia (reciprocally regulated) ↑ PTH Parathroid scan/bx
26
HPT tx?
Parathyroidectomy
27
Malignancy-caused hyperCa2+: what kinds of CA?
solid tumors: breast, lung, kidney hemo: multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia
28
HypoCa2+ caused by? (3)
Ca2+ < 9 1) ↓ ability to use Ca2+ stores (↓ PTH, ↓ Mg) 2) ↑ loss thru kidney (failure -> phosphate-retention) 3) ↑ protein-binding (↓ free Ca2+)
29
Hypoalbuminemia and HypoCa2+?
↓ albumin -> 2º ↓ Ca2+ | NOT true hypoCa2+
30
Adjusting Ca2+ for low albumin?
Serum Ca2+ - Serum Albumin + 4 | Serum Ca2+ needs to be ↑ by 1 for every 1 albumin is below 4
31
Other causes of HypoCa2+?
``` Hypoparathyroidism, Mg deficiency (↓ PTH) Renal fail Vit D deficiency Osteomalacia (soft bones) ```
32
HypoCa2+ sxs: Neuromuscular? CV?
Neuromm: (↑ excitability) hyper reflex, spasm, paresthesia, mm cramp CV: hypoTN, long QT Int, arrhy
33
Tetany is?
↑ mm excitability -> sustained contractions proceeding numb/tingle of lips, fingers, toes
34
Carpal Spasm characteristics?
``` wrist flex MCP flex PIP/DIP ext Finger adduction "obstetrician's hands" ```
35
Tests for Tetany?
Chvostek's Sign: tap facial n against bone anterior ear = contract of facial mm Trousseau's Sign: occlude brachial a 3 min = carpal spasm
36
Phosphate tells us? Critical value?
parathyroid and Ca2+ abn < 1
37
PO4 absorbed? Excreted?
small intest renal
38
PO4/Ca2+ relationship?
inverse
39
PTH effect on PO4?
↓ PO4 reab by kidneys
40
High PO4 caused by?
Hypoparathyroidism Renal fail ↑ diet Acromegaly
41
Low PO4 caused by?
Hyperparathyroidism TPN (feed tube) DM ketoacidosis (DKA) tx Alcohol w/draw
42
Mg distribution?
60% bone 49% cells 1% ECF (2nd most common intracell ion) ECF: 1/3 bound to albumin
43
Mg critical value?
< 0.5 or > 3.0
44
Mg regulated by? Reab ↓ when?
kidney serum Mg ↑ (neg feedback) serum Ca2+ ↑ loop diuretics
45
HypoMg caused by?
< 1.3 ``` conditions that: limit intake, ↑ GI/renal loss, movement b/w ECF/ICF (e.g. pH, glu, insulin), hypoCa2+, hypoK+ ```
46
HypoMg sxs: Neuro mm? CV?
NM: (Same as low Ca2+) hyper reflex, paresthesia, mm weak, tetany CV: (opposite of hypoCa2+) HTN, tachy, arrhy
47
HypoMg /HypoCa2+/HypoK+ relationship?
Low Mg can cause low Ca2+/K+: lowers PTH, impairs kidney reab of K+ HAVE TO FIX Mg to fix Ca2+/K+
48
HypoMg tx?
oral or IV replacement
49
HyperMg caused by?
> 2.1, rare kidney Φ excrete
50
HyperMg sxs: NM? CV?
NM: hyporeflex, mm weak, confusion, respiratory paralysis CV: hypoTN, arrhy
51
HyperMg cautions?
avoid Mg-containing meds (e.g. maalox, mylanta)
52
BUN tells us?
origin of renal issue glom filtration liver dz
53
BUN worrisome value? Critical value?
> 50 > 100
54
High BUN (azotemia) caused by?
↓ renal excretion high protein diet dehydration
55
Low BUN caused by?
liver dz (urea formed by liver) low protein diet overhydration
56
Creatinine is? Tells us? Critical value?
byproduct of mm contraction GFR (best assessment) > 4
57
High Creatinine caused by?
renal dz rhabdomyolysis (mm destruction) acromegaly
58
Low Cr caused by?
debilitation MS myasthenia gravis
59
BUN/Cr ratio tells us?
origin of high BUN (azotemia) (ratio should be 10/1) Azotemia: >20/1 = prerenal 10-20/1 = renal variable = postrenal
60
Prerenal Azotemia caused by?
(> 20/1 BUN/Cr) hypovolemia (trauma, dehydration, diuretics), sepsis, low CO (CHF), hypoTN
61
Prerenal Azotemia tx?
stop cause of volume loss, restore intravascular volume (fluid intake/IV), closely monitor
62
Renal Azotemia caused by?
(10-20/1 BUN and Cr ↑ proportionately) Acute tubular necrosis (2ndary to low perfusion/toxins) Chronic renal dz Acute glomerulonephritis
63
Renal Azotemia tx?
Manage dz (P) dialysis closely monitor to min fluid overload
64
Postrenal Azotemia caused by?
(↑BUN/variable Cr) Obstructed urine flow: clots, stones, sickle cell, BPH, CA, stricture **pt is symptomatic
65
Postrenal Azotemia tx?
Locate and tx obstruction
66
Cl- tells us?
acid/base balance | hydration
67
Cl- abnormalities (U) accompany shifts in what?
Na+ and HCO3

Q3 Clin LAB Test 1 (UA, Na, K, CMP) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions