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Proofreading > CMOS Rules > Flashcards

CMOS Rules Flashcards

1
Q

How do you make a SINGULAR noun possessive?

A

Add ‘s

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2
Q

How do you make a PLURAL noun possessive?

A

Add ‘ only

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3
Q

7.16 example

A

horse’s mouth, puppies’ paws

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4
Q

7.17 Possessive of Proper Nouns: 7.16 extends to proper nouns including names ending in s,x, or z, in both SINGULAR&PLURAL forms as well as abbreviations and #’s. Examples =>

A

Singular Ex: Plural Ex;
Kansas’s legislature the Lincoln’s marriage
Marx’s theories
Abbreviations: FDR’s legacy

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5
Q

7.15 Plurals for letters, abbreviations & numerals

How doe you make Capital letters used as words/numerals used as nouns plural?

A

Add s

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6
Q

How do you make lowercase letters plural?

A

Add ‘s

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7
Q

7.15 Examples

A

x’s and y’s, the 1990s, IRAs, URLs, BSs, MAs, PhDs

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8
Q

7.20 Possessive of nouns Plural in Form, Singular in Meaning: When singular form of noun ending in s is the same as the plural, how do you form possessive?

A

Add ‘

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9
Q

7.27 Possessive vs. Attributive forms for groups: How do you make a proper name possessive?

A

Add ‘ only

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10
Q

7.27 Examples

A

farmers’ markets, boys’ clubs

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11
Q

7.30 Contractions: What does the ‘ replace?

A

omitted letters

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12
Q

7.30 Examples

A

singin’, gov’t, rock’n’roll

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13
Q

6.19 What is a serial comma?

A

Items in a series separated by commas

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14
Q

6.19 When a conjunction joins the last 2 elements in a series of 3+, a comma-known as a serial comma/Oxford comma- should appear before

A

the conjunction

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15
Q

6.19 If the last element consists of a pair joined by “and”

A

the pair should still be preceded by a serial comma & the first “and”

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16
Q

Example

A

I want no ifs, ands, or buts

Apples, plums, and grapes can all be used to make wine

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17
Q

6.28 Commas w/ Appositives: a word, abbreviation, phrase placed in apposition to a noun is set off by commas. Example =>

A

Visula’s husband, Jan, is also a writer (Ursula has only 1 husband)

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18
Q

Restrictive phrase=> provides essential info. about noun= NO COMMA. Example=>

A

The playwright’s son Julio was there.

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19
Q

6.30 Commas with Participial Phases: An introductory participial phrase is normally set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma. Example:

A

Exhilarated by her morning workout, she headed for the ocean.

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20
Q

6.40 Commas with Quotations: A quoted independent clause from a text introduced with “said, replied, asked, wrote” introduced with

A

a comma

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21
Q

Example:

A

She replied, “I hope you aren’t referring to us.”

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22
Q

6.56 Use of the Semicolon: a semicolon is used between 2 independent clauses not joined by a conjunction to signal a closer connection between them than a period would in what prose?

A

Regular prose

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23
Q

6.57 Semicolons with “however,” “therefore,” “indeed”: Join the 2 independent clauses with ; preceding the following adverbs

A

however, thus, hence, indeed, accordingly, besides & therefore

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24
Q

6.57 example

A

The trumpet player developed a painful cold sore; therefore plans for a third show were scrapped

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25
Q

8.19 Titles & Offices: Civil, military, religions & professional titles are Capitalized when they ________ ____________ a personal name & are used as part of the name (traditionally replacing the title holder’s 1st name)

A

immediately precede

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26
Q

In what prose/text are titles normally lowercased when following a name or used in place of a name?

A

Formal Prose & Generic Text
Example: Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States (or President Abraham Lincoln of the United States); President Lincoln; the president; General Bradley; the general
Cardinal Newman; the cardinal
Governors Ige and Brown; the governors

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27
Q

8.27 Corporate & Organizational Titles: Titles of persons holding offices such as those listed below are rarely used as part of a name. If a short form is required, what type of term would suffice?

A

a generic term or simply a personal name

Ex: the secretary-treasurer; Georgina Fido, secretary-treasurer of the Kenilworth Kennel Society

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28
Q

8.28 Academic Titles: generally follow the pattern for civil titles=> only capitalized when

A

part of the name (President Washington)
Ex: Professor of the History of Religions in the Divinity of School
professor of comparative literature

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29
Q

8.45 Continents, Countries, Cities, Oceans & such: Entities that _______ ___ __ _____ are ALWAYS CAPITALIZED, as are adjectives and nouns derived from them

A

appear on map

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30
Q

An initial “the” as part of the name is lowercased EXCEPT

A

in rare cases where “the” is in the city name
Ex: the North Pole, Atlantic Ocean, South China Sea, the Netherlands
EXCEPTION: The Hague

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31
Q

8.46 Points of the Compass: Compass points and terms derived from them are lowercased IF

A

they simply indicate direction/location

Ex: north climate

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32
Q

8.47 Regions of the World & National Regions: Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized

A

Ex: the continental United States

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33
Q

8.48 Popular Place -names or epithets: Popular names of places are capitalized

A

Ex: City of Light, the Bay Area

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34
Q

8.62 Legislative & Deliberative bodies: Capitalize full names of legislative&deliberative bodies, departments, bureaus & offices

A

Ex: the United States Congress, the House of Rps., the Electoral College

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35
Q

8.70 Associations, Unions& the like: capitalize full names of associations, societies, unions, meetings&conferences

A

Ex: Girl Scout

36
Q

8.96 Major Religions: Cap names of major religions

A

Ex: Buddhist, Buddhism, Christianity

37
Q

8.97 Denominations, sects, orders&religious movements: Cap all of the above

A

Ex: Angelicanism, Baptist, Community of Christ, Jehovah’s Witnesses

38
Q

8.98 “church” as an institution: Unless an author/publisher prefers otherwise, church is _________ when referring to an institution of religion

A

lowercased

Ex: church and state

39
Q

church is CAPITALIZED when

A

part of a FORMAL NAME of a denomination (United Methodist Church) or congregation (the Church of St. Thomas the Apostate)

40
Q

9.2 Numbers: How are numbers displayed in nontechnical texts?

A

spell out whole numbers from zero through one hundred and certain round multiples of those numbers

41
Q

9.18 Percentages: EXCEPT at ___________ percentages are usually expressed in numerals.

A

at the beginning of a sentence

  • In nontechnical contexts “ percent” is used.
  • In scientific/statistical contects the symbol “%” is more common
42
Q

8.177 Titles of articles&features in periodicals/newspapers, chapter&part titles, titles of short stories or essays& individual selections in books are set in

A

roman type& enclosed in quotation marks
Ex: John S. Ellis’s article “Reconciling the Celt”
appeared in the Journal of British Studies.

43
Q

6.41 Titles or expressions set off from the surrounding text with ___________________ or ___________ are usually treated like noun forms; _________ are used or omitted as they would be with any other noun

A

quotation marks or italics

commas

44
Q

6.9 Periods&commas precede_____________ ____________________ whether double or single

A

closing quotation marks

45
Q

13.14 When it is simply a matter of identifying a speaker, a comma is used AFTER _____, __________, ________, and similar verbs to introduce a quotation

A

SAID, REPLIED, ASKED

46
Q

6.10 _________&_____________-unlike periods&commas- FOLLOW closing quotation marks

A

COLONS & SEMICOLONS

47
Q

6.10 “ “& !’s follow closing quotation marks UNLESS

A

they belong within the quoted matter

Ex: I can’t believe you don’t know “Filling Station”!

48
Q

6.70 A ? should be placed INSIDE “ “s, ( )s, or [ ]s ONLY WHEN

A

it is PART of the quoted/parenthetical matter

49
Q

13.45 What is indirect discourse

A

paraphrasing dialogue

50
Q

Does indirect discourse require “ “?

A

No

51
Q

6.54 A ______ is often used to indicate the ____________ of a word/words readily understood from the context.

A

COMMA, OMISSION

Ex: Thousands rushed to serve him in victory; in defeat, none.

52
Q

S/V Agreement: The cowboys or the foreman ensures/ensure that there is plenty of water.

A

ENSURES

53
Q

S/V: Each of the zookeepers is/are responsible for keeping unauthorized food from the beasts

A

IS

54
Q

Either the reptile or the arachnids has/have eaten the crickets

A

HAVE

55
Q

Neither the earthworm nor the honeybee is/are native to North America

A

IS

56
Q

In complete metamorphosis, the stages of an insect is/are egg, larva, pupa, and adult

A

ARE

57
Q

whole #’s 1-100 followed by hundred, thousand, hundred thousand are usually __________________

A

SPELLED OUT

58
Q

when a # begins a sentence it is ALWAYS__________________

A

SPELLED OUT

59
Q

EXCEPT at the BEGINNING of a sentence, percentages are usually expressed in ___________

A

NUMERALS

60
Q

nontechnical contexts: _________ is used

scientific/statistical copy:_________ is used

A

percent, % symbol

61
Q

add __________ to form possessive if singular noun

A

’s

62
Q

the possessive of plural nouns is formed by adding____________

A

’ only

63
Q

possessive form rule 7.16 of singular&plural nouns applies to __________________

A

proper nouns

64
Q

7.17 proper noun possessives include __________ ending in s, x, or z, in both singular and plural forms, as well as ____________ & _____________

A

names, abbreviations, #’s

65
Q

When singular form of noun ending in “s”=SAME as PLURAL, the possessives are BOTH formed by _____

A

’ only

66
Q

closely linked nouns are considered a __________________ in forming the possessive when the thing being “possessed” is the _________ for both

A

single unit, same

67
Q

7.23 only the 2nd element takes the _______________ form

A

possessive

68
Q

proper names=______________

A

’ only

ex: taxpayers’ association, Publishers Weekly

69
Q

___________ when a compound modifier PRECEDES a ____________

A

HYPHENATE, noun

70
Q

NEVER INCORRECT to hyphenate adjectival compounds ___________ a noun

A

BEFORE

71
Q

NO HYPHEN when compounds __________ the noun they modify

A

FOLLOW

72
Q

NO HYPHEN when adverb ending in ___ plus an ____________ or _______________ (such as smartly dressed) are not hyphenated

A

“ly”, adective, participle

73
Q

Bob and Janes bookshelves were filled with rare treasures, including a breathtaking edition of Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream.

A

Jane’s, Shakespeare’s

74
Q

She traveled the ____________ highways and byways in the ____________ stolen minivan.

a) United States’/Jones’ b) United State’s/ Joneses
c) United States’s/Jones’s d) United States’/Joneses’

A

D) United States’/Joneses’

75
Q

Presidents Day and Groundhog Day are my favorite holidays in February.

a) Presidents’ Day/Groundhog Day
b) President’s Day/Groundhog’s Day
c) Presidents Day/Groundhog Day
d) President’s Day/Groundhogs Day

A

a) Presidents’ Day/Groundhog Day

76
Q

I must have read at least 130/ one hundred thirty books this year.

A

130

77
Q

There is only a 10%/ten percent/10 percent chance I’ll feel like going tonight

A

10 percent

78
Q

Her loan has a great interest rate of 2.9%/ 2.9 percent.

A

2.9 percent

79
Q

The new parking structure will have enough spaces for 450/four hundred fifty vehicles

A

450

80
Q

The cowboys or the foreman ensures/ensure that there is plenty of water.

A

ensures

81
Q

Each of the zookeepers is/are responsible for keeping unauthorized food from the beasts.

A

is

82
Q

Either the rptile or the arachnids has/have eaten the crickets

A

have

83
Q

Neither the earthworm nor the honeybee is/are native to North America

A

is

84
Q

In complete metamorphasis, the stages of an insect is/are egg, larva, pupa, and adult

A

are

85
Q

The knight drew his sword from a beautifully embroidered scabbord. “Fear not!” he cried. “I’ll slay that peasant eating monster!”

A

peasant-eating-monster

86
Q

The princess looked at the fifty foot drop from her fifth floor room and began tying sheets, cloaks, and tapestries together. She would just have to rescue herself.

A

fifty-foot, fifth-floor

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