CMOS Rules Flashcards
How do you make a SINGULAR noun possessive?
Add ‘s
How do you make a PLURAL noun possessive?
Add ‘ only
7.16 example
horse’s mouth, puppies’ paws
7.17 Possessive of Proper Nouns: 7.16 extends to proper nouns including names ending in s,x, or z, in both SINGULAR&PLURAL forms as well as abbreviations and #’s. Examples =>
Singular Ex: Plural Ex;
Kansas’s legislature the Lincoln’s marriage
Marx’s theories
Abbreviations: FDR’s legacy
7.15 Plurals for letters, abbreviations & numerals
How doe you make Capital letters used as words/numerals used as nouns plural?
Add s
How do you make lowercase letters plural?
Add ‘s
7.15 Examples
x’s and y’s, the 1990s, IRAs, URLs, BSs, MAs, PhDs
7.20 Possessive of nouns Plural in Form, Singular in Meaning: When singular form of noun ending in s is the same as the plural, how do you form possessive?
Add ‘
7.27 Possessive vs. Attributive forms for groups: How do you make a proper name possessive?
Add ‘ only
7.27 Examples
farmers’ markets, boys’ clubs
7.30 Contractions: What does the ‘ replace?
omitted letters
7.30 Examples
singin’, gov’t, rock’n’roll
6.19 What is a serial comma?
Items in a series separated by commas
6.19 When a conjunction joins the last 2 elements in a series of 3+, a comma-known as a serial comma/Oxford comma- should appear before
the conjunction
6.19 If the last element consists of a pair joined by “and”
the pair should still be preceded by a serial comma & the first “and”
Example
I want no ifs, ands, or buts
Apples, plums, and grapes can all be used to make wine
6.28 Commas w/ Appositives: a word, abbreviation, phrase placed in apposition to a noun is set off by commas. Example =>
Visula’s husband, Jan, is also a writer (Ursula has only 1 husband)
Restrictive phrase=> provides essential info. about noun= NO COMMA. Example=>
The playwright’s son Julio was there.
6.30 Commas with Participial Phases: An introductory participial phrase is normally set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma. Example:
Exhilarated by her morning workout, she headed for the ocean.
6.40 Commas with Quotations: A quoted independent clause from a text introduced with “said, replied, asked, wrote” introduced with
a comma
Example:
She replied, “I hope you aren’t referring to us.”
6.56 Use of the Semicolon: a semicolon is used between 2 independent clauses not joined by a conjunction to signal a closer connection between them than a period would in what prose?
Regular prose
6.57 Semicolons with “however,” “therefore,” “indeed”: Join the 2 independent clauses with ; preceding the following adverbs
however, thus, hence, indeed, accordingly, besides & therefore
6.57 example
The trumpet player developed a painful cold sore; therefore plans for a third show were scrapped
8.19 Titles & Offices: Civil, military, religions & professional titles are Capitalized when they ________ ____________ a personal name & are used as part of the name (traditionally replacing the title holder’s 1st name)
immediately precede
In what prose/text are titles normally lowercased when following a name or used in place of a name?
Formal Prose & Generic Text
Example: Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States (or President Abraham Lincoln of the United States); President Lincoln; the president; General Bradley; the general
Cardinal Newman; the cardinal
Governors Ige and Brown; the governors
8.27 Corporate & Organizational Titles: Titles of persons holding offices such as those listed below are rarely used as part of a name. If a short form is required, what type of term would suffice?
a generic term or simply a personal name
Ex: the secretary-treasurer; Georgina Fido, secretary-treasurer of the Kenilworth Kennel Society
8.28 Academic Titles: generally follow the pattern for civil titles=> only capitalized when
part of the name (President Washington)
Ex: Professor of the History of Religions in the Divinity of School
professor of comparative literature
8.45 Continents, Countries, Cities, Oceans & such: Entities that _______ ___ __ _____ are ALWAYS CAPITALIZED, as are adjectives and nouns derived from them
appear on map
An initial “the” as part of the name is lowercased EXCEPT
in rare cases where “the” is in the city name
Ex: the North Pole, Atlantic Ocean, South China Sea, the Netherlands
EXCEPTION: The Hague
8.46 Points of the Compass: Compass points and terms derived from them are lowercased IF
they simply indicate direction/location
Ex: north climate
8.47 Regions of the World & National Regions: Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized
Ex: the continental United States
8.48 Popular Place -names or epithets: Popular names of places are capitalized
Ex: City of Light, the Bay Area
8.62 Legislative & Deliberative bodies: Capitalize full names of legislative&deliberative bodies, departments, bureaus & offices
Ex: the United States Congress, the House of Rps., the Electoral College