CMEs Flashcards
1
Q
- What percentage of vitamin D is typically obtained by humans from sunlight?
a. 90%
b. 60%
c. 30%
d. 10%
A
A
2
Q
- Which statement is correct about the prevalence and causes of hypovitaminosis D?
a. Darker skin pigmentation increases the skin’s production of vitamin D.
b. Dysfunctional intestinal absorption is a risk factor for vitamin D defi ciency.
c. Impaired 25-hydroxylation, associated with severe liver dis-ease, is a common cause of vitamin D defi ciency.
d. Vitamin D defi ciency is rare throughout the United States.
A
B
3
Q
- Which laboratory test is the preferred and most specific screening test to determine a patient’s vitamin D status?
a. serum level of active vitamin D
b. serum calcidiol level
c. serum calcitonin level
d. serum PTH level
A
B
4
Q
- Which group is least likely to require two to three times the daily intake of vitamin D to satisfy metabolic requirements?
a. obese patients
b. patients with malabsorption syndromes
c. infants and children up to age 1 year with adequate sun exposure
d. patients taking HIV medications
A
C
5
Q
- Which of the following is not a contraindication to vitamin D therapy?
a. granulomatous disease
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. sarcoidosis
d. metastatic bone disease
A
B
6
Q
- Which recommendation is included in the 2015 ADA Standards of Care for patients with diabetes?
a. Patients should maintain their current amount of daily sedentary time.
b. Exercise at least 90 minutes a day, every day.
c. Avoid exercising 2 days in a row.
d. Perform resistance exercises two or more times per week.
A
D
7
Q
- Which statement is correct about the physiologic process of glucose metabolism?
a. When skeletal muscles contract during exercise, blood glucose uptake decreases in an insulin-independent pathway.
b. Exercise increases GLUT4, which increases blood glucose uptake.
c. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the insulin-dependent mecha-nism of glucose uptake by skeletal muscles remains intact.
d. At rest and after eating, glucose uptake by the liver is used to maintain glycogen stores.
A
B
8
Q
- According to the ACSM/ADA, which of the following is a recommended screening step?
a. Perform an exercise stress test in all patients.
b. Patients who intend to use brisk walking for exercise must undergo an exercise stress test.
c. Only perform a graded stress test in symptomatic patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors.
d. If a patient intends to exercise with an activity more strenuous than brisk walking, a graded stress test is mandatory, even if the patient is asymptomatic.
A
C
9
Q
- Which of the following is included in the article’s exercise recommendations?
a. The minimum weekly goal is 150 minutes of cumulative moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
b. The Prochaska and DiClemente Stages of Change Model is irrelevant for patients with diabetes.
c. Patients who are deconditioned benefi t most from exercising in one long period each day.
d. Patients should use either aerobic exercise or resistance training methods, but not both.
A
A
10
Q
- Which statement is correct about exercise and its relationship to maintaining glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes?
a. For patients on insulin secretagogues or insulin, exercise-induced hypoglycemia is rare.
b. Patients should have high-fat, high-protein foods readily available when they are exercising.
c. Ideal foods to have on hand during exercise are hard candy, raisins, juice, or non-diet soda.
d. One glucose tablet is suffi cient to raise blood glucose in the event of hypoglycemia during exercise.
A
C
11
Q
- Which of the following is the greatest risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease?
a. smoking c. obesity
b. high BP d. diabetes
A
D
12
Q
- A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes has a recent A1C of 10.5% and estimated GFR of 70 mL/min/1.73m2. What benchmark A1C has been shown to delay the progression of the microvascular complications of diabetes, including CKD?
a. 5% c. 8%
b. 7% d. 8.5%
A
B
13
Q
- A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes has a recent A1C of 9% and estimated GFR of 20 mL/min/1.73m2. What is the recommended target A1C to delay the progression of the microvascular complications of diabetes and decrease the risk of hypoglycemia?
a. < 6% c. < 7%
b. < 6.5% d. ≥ 7%
A
D
14
Q
- A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes has a recent A1C of 10.5% and estimated GFR of 70 mL/min/1.73m2. Which LDL cholesterol-lowering therapy is most recommended to reduce his risk of major cardiovascular events?
a. simvastatin c. fenofi brate
b. cholestyramine d. niacin
A
A
15
Q
- A 46-year-old woman newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has a BP of 124/86 mm Hg and spot urine collection albumin less than 30 mg. She is very concerned about her new diagnosis because her father died from kidney failure secondary to diabetes. She would like to start a medication to protect her kidneys. What do you recommend?
a. lisinopril
b. nifedipine
c. hydrochlorothiazide
d. no medication at this time
A
D
