CMC AACN Question Bank Flashcards
CVP readings should be performed at *** to eliminate changes in intrathoracic pressure.
End-expiration
What are three potential etiologies of a low SvO2?
Low Hgb, low CO, low SaO2
Early ARDS manifests as ***?
Respiratory Alkalosis
What type of ECG pattern is indicative of LAD disease? What is the course of action?
Terminal T wave inversion or symmetrical T wave inversion in leads V1-V3 in a patient with CP or CP at rest (unstable angina).
What is Wellen’s Syndrome?
ECG pattern of terminal T wave inversion or symmetrical T wave inversion in leads V1-V3. Associated with significant proximal LAD stenosis.
What are absolute indications to terminate exercise stress testing?
- ST elevation >1 mm in leads without diagnostic Q waves
- Sustained VT
- Subjects desire to stop
- Moderate to severe angina and signs of poor perfusion
What is a synthetic form of BNP?
Nesiritide - promotes vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis to correct HF.
What are the characteristics of hemothorax?
Tachypnea
Hypotension
Absence of breath sounds on the affected side
CXR - complete opacification on the affected side
What medication causes false-positive finding on the stress test?
Digitalis. There is an association between development of ST segment depression and stress testing. Digitalis should be withheld on the day of the test because of its negative chronotropic effects.
What are heart changes seen in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Decrease in contractility which results in an INCREASE in end-systolic volume / DECREASED ejection fraction.
DECREASE in ventricular wall thickness
What is associated with cardiac tamponade?
Hypotension
Tachycardia / Tachypnea
Decrease CO / SV
Indications of an aortic dissection?
Severe chest pain with a BP difference >20% between right and left arms, along with pulse deficit.
How to differentiate between NSTEMI from unstable angina while waiting for lab data results?
Continuous chest pain for longer than 20 minutes indicate myocardial damage.
Unstable angina occurs at rest and last more than 5 minutes.
What value should be expected in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Hallmark: elevated R atrial pressure
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction occurs in restrictive cardiomyopathy. This is often associated with very high end-diastolic pressures and moderate to marked biatrial enlargement secondary to elevated atrial pressures.
What heart condition can be followed by viral illnesses such as influenza, coxsackievirus or adenovirus? What are the delayed presentations?
Myocarditis
Fatigue, dyspnea, chest palpitations with nonspecific ECG changes.
