Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMA > CMA 1 > Flashcards

CMA 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Oral route

A

Mouth, sublingual, buccal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inhalation route

A

Inhalers, nebulizers, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Topical route

A

Creams, ointments, transdermal patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Instillation route

A

Drops & ointments in the ears, eyes, & nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Medication

A

Any prescription or non-prescription drug intended for treatment or prevention of disease or to affect body function in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do a recipients rights include?

A

Information provided about the medication’s they are taking, what medication they’re taking and why it’s provided, and refusal to take medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If something is not documented, did it legally happen?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Accurately document all medication provided, including…

A

Medication, dose, route, time administered, any refusal of medication, and spoilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sublingual administration

A

Placing under the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Buccal administration

A

Placing between the gum and cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Buccal

A

Placing between the gum and cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sublingual administration, buccal administration, and ___ are part of oral medications.

A

Oral sprays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inhaler

A

A device for giving medicines in the form of a spray that is inhaled or breathed in through the nose or mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nebulizer

A

An electrically powered machine that turns liquid medication into a mist so that it can be breathed directly into the lungs through face mask or mouthpiece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oxygen

A

A pressurized container, that stores oxygen or liquid oxygen for supplemental oxygen therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sprays

A

I’m medicinal spray that contains a drug or drugs in a carrier that forms a film when sprayed on a surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Creams

A

A semi-solid substance that is applied to the skin and is used for variety of purposes, including cosmetics, therapeutics, and prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ointment

A

A thick substance, usually containing medicine, that is put on the skin where it is sore or where there’s an injury, in order to cure it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lotion

A

A non-oily liquid that is applied externally to the body surface or any external orifice, often used as a topical treatment for skin or nail fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transdermal patch

A

A medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Medication aide

A

A healthcare worker whose main task is administering medication’s to residence in a long-term care facility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Long-term care facility

A

A facility in which residents live and are able to receive 24 hour skilled care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Documenting

A

Keeping a record of care provided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

PRN

A

Abbreviation meaning “as needed“

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Person centered care

A

A type of care that places the emphasis on the person needing care and their individuality and capabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Liability

A

A legal term that means someone can be held responsible for harming someone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Scope of practice

A

Defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do as permitted by state or federal law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nursing process

A

An approach to providing effective care for a resident on an ongoing basis: involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the purpose of the “assessment” portion of the nursing process?

A

To identify actual or potential problems by reviewing multiple sources, typically: medical history, physical assessment, and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the purpose of the “diagnosis” portion of the nursing process?

A

Identify health problems after assessing the resident’s needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the purpose of the “planning” portion of the nursing process?

A

Setting goals and creating a care plan in line with the resident’s preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the purpose of “implementation” portion of the nursing process?

A

Putting the care plan into motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the purpose of the “evaluation” portion of the nursing process?

A

Monitoring progress and results of a care plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How often does a licensed nurse need to be on duty at a long-term care facility?

A

24 hours a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How often does a registered nurse need to be on duty at a long-term care facility?

A

Seven days a week, eight hours a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are some common signs of confusion in a resident?

A

Personality changes, such as: anger, depression, and irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Confusion can be…

A

Permanent or temporary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When a resident is confused, it interferes with:

A

Their ability to make decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Common causes of confusion…

A

Low blood, sugar, head, trauma, or injury, dehydration, nutritional problems, fever, sudden drop, and body temperature, lack of oxygen, medication, infections, brain, tumor, diseases, or illnesses, loss of sleep, seizures, UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What type of environment should you provide when a resident is confused?

A

Come and quiet, speaking in a lower tone of voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

If a client is confused, you should not…

A

Leave the client alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

If a client is confused, you should encourage the use of…

A

Glasses and hearing aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What items should you not leave out with a client who is experiencing confusion?

A

Cleaning or personal care items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are some ways you can help a client cope with experiencing confusion?

A

Introduce yourself each time you see the client, remind the client of the location and date, explain what you were going to do using simple instructions, talk about plans for the day, and promote self-care and independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Delirium

A

State of severe confusion that occurs suddenly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How long does delirium last?

A

It is usually temporary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Common causes of delirium?

A

Infections, disease, fluid, imbalance, poor nutrition, and drugs and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the symptoms of delirium?

A

Agitation, anger, depression, irritability, disorientation, trouble, focusing, problems with speech, changes in sensation and perception, changes in consciousness, and decrease in short-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the goal of treatment?

A

To reverse the cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Cognition

A

The ability to think logically and clearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Cognitive impairment

A

The loss of ability to think clearly and logically. Concentration and memory are affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What can help those who are suffering with cognitive impairment?

A

Writing down names and phone numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Dementia

A

Serious progressive loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Vascular dementia

A

A series of strokes, causing damage to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is another name for vascular dementia?

A

Multi-infarct dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Lewy body dementia

A

Abnormal structures called “Lewy bodies” that develop in areas of the brain and cause symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease?

A

Imperative diseases in the brain that cause nerve cells to waste away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What type of skills are kept the longest when a person is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Older skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the three stages of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Mild, moderate, and severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

How should you approach someone with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

From the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What should you do if a client is not understanding you?

A

Ask them to repeat you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are some effective modes of communication when dealing with a client who suffers from Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Signs, gestures, pictures, or written words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits in the brain that cause dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is…

A

Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What kind of cues should you watch for when you are communicating with a client who suffers from Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Nonverbal cues, such as use of the: eyes, hands, and face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

When should you schedule bathing for a client? Who is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?

A

When the client is least agitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What type of foods work best for clients who are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Finger foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What type of plates should you use for a client who is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Plain, with no pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is a good way to keep a client preoccupied while they are being given a bath?

A

Allow them to hold a washcloth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

QD

A

Every day/once a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

BID

A

twice a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

TID

A

Three times a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

QID

A

Four times a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Q4H

A

Every four hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

AC

A

Before meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

AC

A

Before meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

PC

A

After meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

HS

A

at bed time or nighttime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

PO

A

by mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular (such as a flu shot/injection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

IV

A

intravenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

SC or SQ

A

Subcutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Injection into fat tissue (NOT muscle)

86
Q

SL

A

Sublingual

87
Q

DX

A

diagnosis

88
Q

HX

A

Medical history

89
Q

AX

A

assessment

90
Q

TX

A

treatment

91
Q

RX

A

Prescription

92
Q

OD

A

Eye

93
Q

OS

A

Left eye

94
Q

OU

A

Both eyes

95
Q

Perrla

A

Stands for: pupils, equal, round, reactive to light, accommodating

96
Q

Cap

A

Capsule pill

97
Q

Tab

A

Tablet pill

98
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth

99
Q

Att

A

Drops (eye drops)

100
Q

T

A

Temperature

101
Q

P

A

Pulse

102
Q

R

A

Respiration rate

103
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

104
Q

SpO2/O2

A

Oxygen saturation levels

105
Q

DNR

A

Do not resuscitate

106
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of breath

107
Q

VSS

A

vital signs stable

108
Q

NAI

A

No apparent injuries

109
Q

LLQ

A

Lower left quadrant

110
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

111
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

112
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

113
Q

DM

A

Diabetes

114
Q

N/V

A

Nausea and vomiting

115
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

116
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

117
Q

CBP

A

Capillary blood glucose

118
Q

Drug absorption

A

When a drug enters the bloodstream

119
Q

Bioavailability

A

The proportion of a drug or other substance which enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect

120
Q

Drug metabolism

A

The process by which the body breaks down drugs

121
Q

What setting are prescriptions typically given to patients?

A

Outpatient settings, and are typically taken to a pharmacy to fill

122
Q

Where are medication orders typically used?

A

Long-term care and inpatient settings – they are made by a doctor or other qualified practitioner, and the medications are usually prepared, packaged, and delivered by a pharmacy

123
Q

What type of medical orders should CMAs not receive?

A

STAT orders

124
Q

What does MAR stand for?

A

Medication administration record

125
Q

MARs are…

A

A permanent part of a resident’s medical record detailing all medications the resident receives

126
Q

eMAR

A

Electronic version of patient’s MAR

127
Q

Opioid

A

A type of controlled medication used to treat pain

128
Q

Dispense

A

To provide a prescribed medication

129
Q

Countback balance

A

In a controlled substance, the amount of a drug and storage before it is dispensed

130
Q

Forward balance

A

In a controlled substance count, the amount of a drug remaining after it has been dispensed

131
Q

Objective information

A

Information based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells… Also called signs

132
Q

Subjective information

A

Information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something reported to the person that may or may not be true… Also called symptoms

133
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

A dangerous allergic reaction to a medication or other substance – may cause swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat that can obstruct the airway, also called anaphylaxis

134
Q

Hypertensive emergency

A

Systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mm or diastolic blood pressure greater than 120 mm HG

135
Q

Are nurse practitioners authorized to order medications?

A

Yes

136
Q

Convert

A

In medication administration, to change the amount of a medication from one measuring system to another

137
Q

Metric system

A

A system of measurement, based on the meter, the kilogram, and the liter – preferred for scientific and healthcare use

138
Q

Household measurements

A

A system of measurements that use the yard, the pound, and the fluid ounce – should not be used to measure medications

139
Q

Apothecaries system

A

One of the oldest systems of measurement – was once used to measure medications, but now rarely used

140
Q

How is weight typically measured in the household system?

A

Ounces and pounds

141
Q

How is length typically measured in the household system?

A

Inches, feet, yards, and miles

142
Q

How is volume typically measured?

A

Drops, teaspoons, and tablespoons

143
Q

Clinical trials

A

Testing performed on patients during the development of of a new medication

144
Q

Dosage range

A

The maximum and minimum doses to achieve the desired effects of a drug

145
Q

When is a dosage range determined for a medication?

A

During clinical trials

146
Q

Toxicity

A

In medication administration, a poisoning effect caused by too high dose or from an adverse reaction

147
Q

Therapeutic dose

A

A dose of medication that has the desired effect on the patient

148
Q

What are the four phases a drug goes through when it enters the body?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

149
Q

What are the four phases a drug goes through when it enters the body?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

150
Q

What does a drug interact with as it moves throughout the body?

A

Receptors

151
Q

Receptors

A

Parts of cells that receive chemical information

152
Q

When during the distribution phase do side effects occur?

A

When the molecule binds to receptors that are not the target tissues or the intended site of action

153
Q

Local

A

In pharmacology, describes an effect that occurs at the location on the body where the drug has touched

154
Q

Systemic

A

In Pharmacology, describes an effect that occurs throughout the body systems, tissues, or organs

155
Q

Class

A

In pharmacology, a category or type of drug

156
Q

Some side effects are local, such as…

A

Pain or irritation at the site of injection, oral thrush related to inhaled corticosteroids

157
Q

Some side effects are systemic, such as…

A

Hypertension, edema, hyperglycemia, reduced calcium in the blood

158
Q

Adverse drug reaction

A

A negative reaction to a drug, may be known and predictable to the person taking the drug, or unique

159
Q

Idiosyncratic drug reaction

A

A type of reaction that cannot be predicted and is not related to the dose or to the known effects of the drug

160
Q

Allergic reaction

A

A situation in which the bodies immune system overreacts to a substance that would normally not cause an immune response

161
Q

What is another term for an allergic reaction?

A

Hypersensitivity

162
Q

Paradoxical reaction

A

A type of drug reaction that occurs when a drug causes the opposite effect of what is expected

163
Q

Why are side effects mostly predictable?

A

They are tested and based on clinical trials

164
Q

Adverse reactions can be…

A

Predictable or unpredictable

165
Q

Side effects relate to…

A

Unintentional effects on non-targeted parts of the body

166
Q

Adverse reactions may relate to…

A

The intended effect of the drug

167
Q

What is an example of an adverse reaction?

A

Excessive bleeding in a person taking anticoagulants

168
Q

Idiosyncratic drug reactions are…

A

Not common

169
Q

How long does it take allergic reactions, or hypersensitivity, to show in a patient?

A

Within seconds of exposure, or up to 30 minutes after administration

170
Q

What should be administered during anaphylaxis?

A

Epinephrine, or an EpiPen injection

171
Q

What is an example of paradoxical reactions?

A

Anti-anxiety medications increasing anxiety

172
Q

What are some mild to moderate symptoms of an allergic reaction?

A

Rash, hives, runny nose, or watery eyes

173
Q

Pharmacology

A

The branch of medicine that studies the uses and effects of drugs

174
Q

Efficacy

A

In pharmacology, the success of a drug in improving health

175
Q

Side effects

A

Changes caused by a medication that do not relate to its intended purpose

176
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how drugs are processed by the body

177
Q

Clinical effect

A

The effect of a drug on a specific person

178
Q

Administer

A

In pharmacology, the process of giving a drug to a person

179
Q

Absorption

A

In pharmacology, how a drug moves from where it is administered in the bloodstream- refers to the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells

180
Q

Distribution

A

In pharmacology, how a drug moves from the bloodstream to the tissues of the body

181
Q

Metabolism

A

In pharmacology, how a drug is broken down by the body

182
Q

Excretion

A

In pharmacology, how a drug exits the body

183
Q

Pharmakon

A

Drug

184
Q

“Ology”

A

The study of a particular subject

185
Q

What are the purposes of pharmacology?

A
  1. Discovering and developing new medications 2. Improving the efficiency of medications 3. Reducing the unwanted side effects 4. Understanding drug addiction
186
Q

5 purposes of medication

A
  1. To cure, 2. Treat an illness or condition, 3. Treat symptoms of an illness or condition, 4. Prevent, 5. Diagnose
187
Q

What is an example of curing an illness?

A

Antibiotics

188
Q

What is an example of medications that treat an illness or condition? (NOT cure)

A

Medications for hypertension, high cholesterol, and many mental health disorders

189
Q

Hypertension/high blood pressure

A

A medical condition that occurs when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high

190
Q

Examples of medications that treat SYMPTOMS of an illness or condition or condition?

A

Medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen do not cure an illness but can provide relief by symptoms caused by an illness

191
Q

Medications to prevent illnesses

A

Vaccinations are medications that prevent a person from an illness…the influenza vaccine is a common example

192
Q

Medications that diagnose an illness?

A

These medications may be administered by a number of different routes, and many of them are used to improve imaging (X-ray, for example) of certain body parts

193
Q

Aerosol

A

A fine mist or spray containing particles suspended in gas

194
Q

Drops

A

A very small amount of liquid, given by a dropper

195
Q

Elixir

A

A clean, thin flavored liquid, often containing alcohol

196
Q

Spray

A

A liquid pushed through the air in tiny drops; may be sprayed into nose or onto another part of the body

197
Q

Solution

A

A solid, liquid, or gas dissolved in liquid

198
Q

Suspension

A

A liquid mixture containing drug particles that are not completely dissolved; must be shaken before administered

199
Q

Syrup

A

A medication in a solution of sugar, or other sweetener, and water, with or without flavor

200
Q

Tincture

A

An extract, usually of plant material, dissolved in alcohol

201
Q

What are some ADVANTAGES of liquid medication?

A

Ease of swallowing and rapid digestion and absorption

202
Q

What are some CHALLENGES of liquid medication?

A

Proper storage, measuring, administration

203
Q

What are some CHALLENGES of liquid medication?

A

Proper storage, measuring, administration

204
Q

Tablet

A

A form of medicine pressed into a hard pill

205
Q

Scored

A

For medication, marked with a groove to make splitting easier

206
Q

Dosage

A

The amount of medication to be taken at one time

207
Q

Enteric coated tablet

A

A tablet coated in a thin film that protects it from stomach acids, allowing it to pass through the stomach before becoming active

208
Q

Film coated tablet

A

A tablet coated with a thin film to mask an undesirable taste for easier swallowing

209
Q

Chewable tablet

A

A tablet meant to be chewed and swallowed

210
Q

Oral disintegrating tablet

A

A tablet that dissolves in the mouth without chewing

CMA (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions