CM: Clinical Reasoning I Flashcards
tendency to perceptually lock onto salient features in patient’s initial presentation too early in diagnostic process
anchoring bias
disposition to judge things as being more likely, or frequently occurring, if they readily come to mind
availability bias
if something has been seen recently, likelihood may be inflated
tendency to ignore the true prevalence of a dz
base-rate neglect
tendency to look for evidence to support a diagnosis rather than look for disconfirming evidence that refutes it
confirmation bias
once diagnostic labels are attached to patients, they tend to become stickier and stickier
diagnosis momentum
tendency to be judgmental and blame patients for their illnesses rather than examine the circumstances that might have been responsible
fundamental attribution error
pretest probability that a pt will have a particular diagnosis might be influenced by preceding but independent events
gambler’s fallacy
tendency to believe gender is determining factor in probability of diagnosis of particular dz when no pathophysiological basis exists
gender bias
tendency in equivocal or ambiguous presentations to opt for benign diagnosis on basis that it is significantly more likely than a serious one
playing the odds
physician’s estimate for likelihood of dz is unduly influenced by what has gone on before for a particular patient
posterior probability error
opposite of gambler’s fallacy
accepting a diagnosis before it has been fully verified
premature closure
comorbid medical conditions with psychiatric conditions may be overlooked or minimized
psych-out error
drive of diagnostician toward looking for prototypical manifestations of dz leads to atypical variants being missed
representativeness restraint
universal tendency to call off a search once something has been found
search satisfying
influence of affective sources of error on decision making, arousal leading to poor decisions
visceral bias
What are the two broad groups of important biases?
selection errors/biases (not considering right dx)
information errors/biases (considering right dx, but weighing them incorrectly)
What is the PDCA cycle?
plan, do, check, act
What are cause and effect/fishbone/ishiwaka diagrams?
used to help identify possible causes of a problem in the context of team brainstorming
identify problem, then identify main categories of causes for problem
plan part of PDCA
What is a run and/or control chart?
helpful to determine whether intervention was successful or not
What are process flow charts/mapping?
process of something mapped out before and after an intervention
What is root cause analysis?
used after series of bad outcomes have occurred
most have five steps: problem definition, understanding the process, identifying possible causes, data collection, data analysis
