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ELS FINALS > CM 6 > Flashcards

CM 6 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Study of the transformation of energy in living organisms.
  • It is the study of how organisms harvest and use energy
  • includes how energy is transformed through cellular respiration and photosynthesis
A

Bioenergetics
Bio= life, living
Energetics= study of energy

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2
Q

2 types of bioenenergetic reactions

A

Exergonic reaction
Endergonic reaction

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3
Q

Implies the release of energy from a spontaneous chemical reaction without any accompanying utilization of energy

A

Exergonic reaction

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4
Q

Have an ability to perform work
It also includes most of the catabolic reactions in cellular respiration

A

Exergonic reaction

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5
Q

-Non-spontaneous and requires an input of free energy
-Mostly anabolic reactions ( ie.photosynthesis)

A

Endergonic reaction

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6
Q

Process pf breaking down glucose into pyruvate, producing net 8 molecules of ATP ( per 1 molecule of glucose) in the process

A

Glycolysis

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7
Q

When the cell’a energy charge is low ) the concentration of ADP is higher than that of ATP), the cell must synthesize glucose from carbon-containing biomolecules such as proteins, amino acids, fats, pyruvate,etc

A

Gluconeogenesis

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8
Q

Process of cellular respiration in which acetyl coenzyme A, sythesized from pyruvate dehydrogenase, is first reacted with oxaloacetate to yield citrate

A

Citric acid cycle

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9
Q

Process where NAPDH,FADH2 and NADH can be used to donate electrons to a series of redox reactions that take place in electron transport chain complexes

A

Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport

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10
Q

Metabolic pathway used by plants in which solar energy is used to synthesizsn glucose from carbon dioxide and water

A

Photosynthesis

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11
Q

-Occurs in the cytoplasm and primarily in the mitochondria of eukaryotes
- mitochondria break down glucose to harvest chemical energy ( ATP) - a catabolic process

A

Cellular respiration

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12
Q

Is an energy currency. It’s molecules can instantly release energy when the cells needs it

A

ATP

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13
Q

ATP stands for.?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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14
Q

2 phases of metabolism

A

Anabolism and Catabolism

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15
Q

The constructive phase of metabolism where complex substances are produced out of simple substances

A

Anabolism

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16
Q

The destructive phase of metabolism that breaks down complex substances to simpler ones

A

Catabolism

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17
Q

Requires oxygen

A

Aerobic

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18
Q

Does not require oxygen

A

Anaerobic

19
Q

Location of the glycolysis; does it require oxygen

A

Inside the cytoplasm ; no ( anaerobic)

20
Q

Location of krebs cycle; does it require oxygen

A

Mitochondrial matrix; yes ( aerobic)

21
Q

Location of the electron transport chain; does it require oxygen

A

Cristae; yes ( aerobic)

22
Q

Respiration begins with what molecule?

A

Glucose

23
Q

-The only stage that does not require oxygen to proceed
-happens in the cytoplasm
-breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3 carbon molecule

A

Glycolysis

24
Q

Requirements in GLYCOLYSIS

A

2 NET ATP = per glucose
** produced 4 ATP ( yung 2 is pinambayad sa inutang so 2 nalang na produce)
2 NADH molecules = per glucose

25
Q

-requires oxygen to proceeed
- happens in the mitochondrial matrix
-release carbon dioxide as a waste and 1 ATP molecule

A

Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle

26
Q

requirements for KREBS CYCLE

A

2 ATP
2 FADH2
6 NADH

27
Q

-uses oxygen to proceed
-occurs inside the mitochondria ( cristae)
-the carrier molecules, NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and krebs cycle, enter the matrix of the mitochondrion and pass rheir electrons to the transport chain

A

Electron transport chain

28
Q

Requirement for ETC

A

produced 36 ATP

29
Q

It is the final electron acceptor in the chain, forming water to process

A

Oxygen

30
Q

The charge differecnce pushes nydrogen ions through an enzyme called?

A

ATP Synthase

31
Q

Stages of cellular respiration

A

Begins with glycolysis, followed by the krebs cycle and lastly the electrin transport chain

32
Q

Green plants, bacteria and algae produce their food through?

A

Photosynthesis

33
Q

The organisms that are self feeders that uses light

A

Photoautotrophs

34
Q

The organisms that are self feeders that uses chemicals through chemosynthesisn

A

Chemoautotrophs

35
Q

Light,carbon dioxide and water are transformed into?

A

Glucose

36
Q

Cells ( in a middle of leaf tissue) are the primary site of photosynthesis

A

Mesophyll

37
Q

Each mesophyll contains chhloroplasts. True or False?

A

true

38
Q

Are specializd organelles to carry out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

39
Q

Lets carbon dioxide difuse into the mesophyll layer and oxygen diffuse out

A

Stomata

40
Q

Stages of photosynthesis

A

Light dependent reactions
Light independent reactions

41
Q

-takes place in the thylakoid membrane
-requires continous supply of light energy
-light energy is converted into chemical energy through the formation of ATP and NADPH
- water molecules are converted to oxygen gas

A

Light dependent reaction

42
Q

-takes place in the strons and does not directly require light
-uses ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide
-carbon atoms from CO2 are FIXED
-produces glyceraldehyde ( 3 carbon sugars)

A

Light independent reactions ( calvin cycle)

43
Q

Stages of calvin cycle

A
  1. Carbon Fixation
  2. Reduction of 3-PGA
  3. Regeneration of RubP
44
Q

Is the process of synthesizing natural inorganic substances like sulfur,ammonia,and nitrite ions to produce food

A

Chemosynthesis

ELS FINALS (3 decks)

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