CM 401/501: Units 1, 2, & 3 Flashcards
Test preparation
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, & Subscapularis
Difficulty with shrugging the shoulders, retracting the scapula, flexing the neck unilaterally, rotating the head, and bringing the chin to the chest would imply a lesion of which cranial nerve?
Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)
The digastric and mylohyoid muscles raises the hyoid bone during swallowing. Which muscle depresses the hyoid after swallowing?
Sternohyoid
What cranial nerve innervates the hyoglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus?
CN XII (Hypoglossal)
The deltoid muscle is innervated by what nerve?
Axillary
What muscles comprise the erector spinae muscle group?
Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
What bone is the thigh bone connected to?
The hip bone 😆
The axillary vein receives blood from which three branches?
The cephalic, basilic, and brachial veins
The brachial plexus roots originate at what spinal cord levels?
C5-T1
Difficulty flexing the forearm at the elbow from the anatomical position or flexing/adducting the arm at the shoulder would imply damage to which nerve?
The musculocutaneous nerve (which innovates the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis)
Which three structures comprise the unhappy triad of the knee?
The anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and medial (tibial) collateral ligament
The sciatic nerve gives rise to which immediately distal nerves?
The tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
The lumbar plexus originates from what spinal cord levels?
T12-L5
What four muscles make up the quadriceps
The rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis
What prominent action with hip articulation would be deficient if a person had a serious obturator nerve lesion?
Hip adduction
The tensor fasciae latae is connected to the tibia by what long tendon?
The iliotibial tract (IT band)
The great cardiac vein empties blood into what vessel before it reaches the right atrium?
The coronary sinus
Damage or suppression of the phrenic never will manifest in what clinical finding?
Difficulty breathing due to a compromised innervation of the diaphragm
What vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart?
The pulmonary vein
What artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
The pulmonary artery
An acute blockage of which coronary artery will result in an infarct impacting the anterior 2/3 of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum?
The left anterior descending artery (or anterior interventricular artery). A blockage here is often referred to as the “widowmaker.”
Which coronary artery is associated with supplying the sinoatrial node?
The right coronary artery
The right and left coronary arteries branch from the root of which major artery?
The aorta
What should happen to the foramen ovale after the neonate takes their first breaths?
It closes shut due to rising pressure on the left side of the heart compared to the right. It should remain shut unless there is a pathology
What becomes of the ductus arteriosus in a newborn?
As shunting of the cardiopulmonary blood ceases, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
What regulates the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum?
The pyloric sphincter
What structure forms from the joining of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct?
The common bile duct
Blood from the gut is carried by which major vessel to the liver where it is filtered?
The hepatic portal vein
Urine formed in the kidney collects in the bladder via what duct?
The ureter
Which cranial nerves have both sensory and motor functions?
The trigeminal (CN V), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and vagus (CN X)
Which two cranial nerves enter the internal acoustic meatus?
The facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
What nerve structure originates from the fibers of the first three cervical nerves (C1-C3) and supplies the infrahyoid muscles?
The ansa cervicalis
Difficulty/inability to protrude, depress, and retract the tongue and elevate the sides of the tongue indicates damage to which cranial nerve?
The hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve
An individual with a right eye that deviates upward and rotates outward in the resting position likely has a palsy of which nerve?
The trochlear (CN IV) nerve
A man at bat in a baseball game receives a fastball to the side of his head and immediately passes out. He quickly regains consciousness and is taken to the team doctor for a concussion evaluation. Why would the team doctor elect to send this player to the emergency room immediately?
The pterion is located on the lateral skull and is vulnerable to fractures due to the confluence of sutures. The middle meningeal artery is situated behind the pterion and an injury to this arterial may provoke an epidural hematoma.
What vessel is associated with clinically significant nosebleeds?
The sphenopalatine artery
True or False: The cerebral venous system has valves to maintain the forward flow of blood toward the superior vena cava
False
Parasympathetic stimulation of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) will produce what effect?
Pupil constriction and ciliary muscle contraction which allows the lens’s curvature to change
What structure in the laryngopharynx protects the opening to the larynx and contains cartilage?
The epiglottis
Tears moving through the nasolacrimal duct will drain into what cavity?
The nasal cavity
Balance and spatial awareness are maintained through the work of CN VIII and what tubular structures?
The semicircular canals
