CM 2 Flashcards
The audience if the END and OBJECT of the speech
True or False
True
A state in which the speaker, the audience and the occasion overlap
THE RHETORICAL SITUATION
The reason why a speech needs to be delivered
Exigence
The particular speech given by a speaker to an audience on a specific occasion is the result of some real and perceived need that the speech might help address
The rhetorical situation
Study of intended audience
AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
Tailoring the speech to address the unique needs, interests and expectations
Audience Adaptation
According to Berger and Calabrese, The two crucial components in identifying effective speech goals are
Audience analysis and Audience Adaptation
What is step 1?
Identify potential topics
Broad area of knowledge
Subject
A narrower aspect of a subject
Topic
Uncritical and non-evaluative process of generating associated ideas. When you do this, you list as many subjects as you can.
Brainstorming
Visual means of exploring connections between a subject and related ideas
Concept-Mapping
What is step 2?
Analyze the Audience
What is under step 2?
Demographic Data and Subject-Related Data
Age, sex, education, income, occupation, socio-economic status, race, ethnicity, religion, geographic uniqueness, and language
Demographic Data
Audience-Disposition data: level of knowledge, interest, and attitude
Subject-Related Data
What is step 3?
Examine the Occasion
Practice of ignoring the values, needs, and interests of an audience leaving them to feel excluded.
Marginalizing
Assuming all members of the audience have similar knowledge or belief simply because they belong to a specific demographic
Stereotyping
it is made up of the expected purpose and setting of the speech. The following will guide you in selecting the topic with regards to the audience.
Occasion
What is under Step 3?
- What is the intended purpose? (Why speech is given)
- What is the expected length? (expect attention span)
- When and where will the speech be delivered?
- What equipment is necessary and available?
What is step 4?
Write your speech goals
are those that identify the intent of the speech
General Speech Goals
are those that identify the desired response of the audience (Drafted, Focused, Articulated)
Specific Speech Goals
Steps is developing the body of speech
step 1: Identifying main points
step 2: select a main point pattern
Sometimes called sequential order or chronological order, _______ arranges main points into sequence or steps in a process.
Time order
One way people connect is through storytelling. This order conveys ideas in a story format or a series of stories.
Narrative order
This order arranges main points using logical relationship among the ideas. This means ideas are arranged in general vis-à-vis specific or important to less important.
Topical Order
This order arranges the main points according to the relational context of the ideas (cause and effect, comparison and contrast, definition, by example, illustration or description among others).
Logical reasons order
What is the length of an introduction?
normally 10%
Tips on developing the intro
Tip 1: Startling statements
Tip 2: Questions
Tip 3: Quotations and Stories
Tip 4: Action
Tip 5: Suspense
Tip 6: Jokes
a shocking expression or example
Startling Statements
What type of questions can you ask?
Rhetorical or Direct questions
How long is the conclusion
5% of the speech
An effective conclusion includes an abbreviated restatements of your keypoints.
Summarize the speech
A short statement providing closure by driving home the importance of the speech.
Clincher
Examples of Clincher
Vivid Imagery/ Appeal or call to action
