CM Flashcards
The amount of amniotic fluid increases in quantity throughout pregnancy, reaching a peak of approximately _ mL during the third trimester, and then gradually decreases prior to delivery.
A. 400 to 800 mL
B. 800 mL to 1,200 mL
C. 1,200 to 1,500 mL
D. 2,000 to 4, 000 mL
B. 800 mL to 1,200 mL
A maximum of _ mL of amniotic fluid is collected in sterile syringes.
A. 5 mL
B. 10 mL
C. 20 mL
D. 30 mL
D. 30 mL
When severe HDN is present, which of the following tests on the amniotic fluid would the physician not order to determine whether the fetal lungs’are mature enough towithstand a premature delivery?
A. AFP levels
B. Foam stability index
C. Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio
D. Phosphatidy glycerol detection
A. AFP levels
In the foam or shake test, amniotic fluid is mixed with:
A. 1% NaOH
B. 3% acetic acid
C. 70% ethanol
D. 95% ethanol
D. 95% ethanol
A rapid test for FLM that does not require performance of thin-layer chromatography is:
A. AFP levels
B Amniotic acetylcholinesterase
C. Aminostat-FLM
D. Bilirubin scan
C. Aminostat-FLM
The presence of phosphatidyl glycerol in amniotic fluid fetal lung maturity tests must be confirmed when:
A. Hemolytic disease of the newborn is present
B. The mother has diabetes
C. Amniotic fluid is contaminated by hemoglobin
D. Neural tube disorder is suspected
B. The mother has diabetes
Microviscosity of amniotic fluid is measured by:
A. Thin-layer chromatography
B. Immunologic agglutination
C. Spectrophotometer
D. Fluorescence polarization
D. Fluorescence polarization
O.D. 650
A. Acetylcholinesterase
B. Bilirubin
C. Lamellar bodies
D. Oxyhemoglobin
C. Lamellar bodies
Amniotic fluid for OD 650:
A. Addition of ethanol
B. Addition of methanol
C. Centrifuged at 2,000 g for 10 minutes
D. Mix the sample by gentle inversion or by placing the test tube on a tube rocker
C. Centrifuged at 2,000 g for 10 minutes
Method for counting lamellar bodies:
A. Densitometry
B. Flow cytometry
C. Impedance
D. Radiofrequency
C. Impedance
and optical principle
Amniotic fluid for lamellar body count:
A. Addition of ethanol
B. Addition of methanol
C. Centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 minutes
D. Mix the sample by gentle inversion or by placing the test tube on a tube rocker
D. Mix the sample by gentle inversion or by placing the test tube on a tube rocker
Bacterial, viral, and protozoan infections produce increased sécretion of water and electrolytes, which override the reabsorptive ability of the large intestine, leading to:
A. Osmotic diarrhea
B. Secretory diarrhea
C. Either of these
D. None of these
B. Secretory diarrhea
Maldigestion (impaired food digestion)
and malabsorption (impaired nutrient absorption by the intestine) contribute to:
A. Osmotic diarrhea
B. Secretory diarrhea
C. Either of these
D. None of these
A. Osmotic diarrhea
The BROWN COLOR OF THE FECES results from intestinal oxidation of stercobilinogen to_
A. Bilirubin
B. Blood
C. Urobilinogen
D. Urobilin
D. Urobilin
A pale, frothy stool is indicative of which of the following?
A. Barium testing
B. Osmotic diarrhea
C. Steatorrhea
D. Excess carbohydrates
C. Steatorrhea
Stool specimens that appear ribbon-like are indicative of which condition?
A. Bile-duct obstruction
B. Colitis
C. Intestinal constriction
D. Malignancy
C. Intestinal constriction
The normal composition of feces includes all of the following except:
A. Bacteria
B. Blood
C. Electrolytes
D. Water
B. Blood
By far the MOST FREQUENTLY PERFORMED
FECAL ANALYSIS is the detection of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fats
C. Leukocytes
D. Occult blood (hidden blood)
D. Occult blood
Guaiac tests for detecting occult blood rely on the:
A. Reaction of hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide
B. Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
C. Reaction of hemoglobin with ortho-toluidine
D. Pseudoperoxidase activity of hydrogen peroxide
B. Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
Large orange-red droplets seen on direct microscopic examination of stools mixed with Sudan III represent:
A. Cholesterol
B. Fatty acids
C. Neutral fats
D. Soaps
C. Neutral fats
Steatorrhea
A. <60 Fat droplets/ hpf
B.> 60 Fat droplets/ hpf
C. <60 Fat droplets/ lpf
D. >60 Fat droplets/ lpf
B.> 60 Fat droplets/ hpf
Microscopic examination of stools mixed with Sudan Ill and glacial acetic acid and then heated will show small orange-red droplets that represent:
A. Fatty acids and soaps
B. Fatty acids and neutral fats
C. Fatty acids, soaps, and neutral fats
D. Soaps
C. Fatty acids, soaps, and neutral fats
What is the significance of an APT test that remains pink after addition of sodium hydroxide?
A. Fecal fat is present
B. Fetal hemoglobin is present
C. Fecal trypsin is present
D.Vitamin C is present
B. Fetal hemoglobin is present
APT TEST
Reagent: 1% NAOH
Liquefaction of a semen specimen should take place within:
A. 1 hour
B. 2 hours
C. 3 hours
D. 4 hours
A. 1 hour
Sperm motility evaluations are performed:
A. Immediately after the specimen is collected
B. Within 1 hour of collection
C. After 3 hours of incubation
D. At 6-hour intervals for 1 day
B. Within 1 hour of collection
The percentage of sperm showing average motility that is considered normal is:
А. 25%
B. 50%
С. 60%
D. 75%
B. 50%
Failure of laboratory personnel to document the time a semen sample is collected primarily affects the interpretation of semen:
A. Appearance
B. Volume
C. pH
D. Viscosity
D. Viscosity
Location of sperm nucleus:
A. No nucleus
B. Head
C. Neck
D. Tail
B. Head
The purpose of the acrosomal cap is to:
A. Penetrate the ovum
B. Protect the nucleus
C. Create energy for tail movement
D. Protect the neckpiece
A. Penetrate the ovum
Measurement of a -glucosidase is performed to detect a disorder of the:
A. Seminiferous tubules
B. Epididymis
C. Prostate gland
D. Bulbourethral glands
B. Epididymis
Follow-up testing for a low sperm concentration would include testing for:
A. Anti-sperm antibodies
B. Seminal fluid fructose
C. Sperm vitality
D. Prostatic acid phosphatase
B. Seminal fluid fructose
Following an abnormal sperm motility test with a normal sperm count, what additional test might be ordered?
A. Fructose level
B. Zinc level
C. MAR test
D. Eosin-nigrosin stain
D. Eosin-nigrosin stain
Given the following information, calculate the SPERM CONCENTRATION: dilution, 1:10; sperm counted in 25 RBC SQUARES ON EACH SIDE OF THE HEMOCYTOMETER, 198 and 202; seminal fluid volume is 4 mL.
A. 20 M/mL
B. 20 M/ejaculate
C. 80 M/mL
D. 80 M/ejaculate
A. 20 M/mL
When performing a sperm concentration, 60 sperms are counted in the RBC squares on one side of the hemocytometer and 90 sperms are counted in the RBC squares on the other side.
The specimen is diluted 1:20. The:
A. Specimen should be rediluted and counted
B. Sperm count is 75 million/mL
C. Sperm count is greater than 5 million/mL
D. Sperm concentration is abnormal
A. Specimen should be rediluted and counted
For POSTVASECTOMY SEMEN ANALYSIS, specimens are routinely tested:
A. Beginning at 1 month postvasectomy and continuing until two consecutive monthly specimens show no spermatozoa.
B. Beginning at 2 months postvasectomy and continuing until two consecutive monthly specimens show no spermatozoa.
C. Beginning at 2 months postvasectomy and continuing until three consecutive monthly specimens show no spermatozoa.
D. Beginning at 3 months postvasectomy and continuing until three consecutive monthly specimens show no spermatozoa.
B. Beginning at 2 months postvasectomy and continuing until two consecutive monthly specimens show no spermatozoa.
Which of the following is most likely to activate the alternative pathway of complement activation?
A. Lipopolysaccharides
B. Glycoproteins
C. Haptens
D. IgG complexed with antigen
A. Lipopolysaccharides
The transfusion service is preparing aliquots from a unit of Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced with the aid of a sterile connecting device for a pediatric patient. When checking the weld for one of these aliquots, it is noted that the weld is incomplete and leaking. This unit is then resealed with an acceptable weld.
What will the expiration date of this unit be?
A. 6 hours
B. 24 hours
C. 3 days
D. Original expiration date
B. 24hrs
A technologist removed 4 units of blood from the blood bank refrigerator and placed them on the counter. A clerk was waiting to take the units for transfusion. As she checked the paperwork, she noticed that one of the units was leaking onto the counter. What should she do?
A. Issue the unit if the red cells appear normal
B. Reseal the unit
C. Discard the unit
D. Call the medical director and ask for an opinion
C. Discard the unit
Traditional example of quality control:
A. Error-free quality
B. Management controlled worker
C. Quality as means to lower cost
D. Quality defined
B. Management controlled worker
Focus on PEOPLE and OPERATIONAL DELIVERY of laboratory services:
A. Laboratory supervisor
B. Laboratory manager or chief MT Laboratory director
D. Administrator
A. Laboratory supervisor
In the urinalysis laboratory the primary source in the chain of infection would be:
A. Patients
B. Needlesticks
C. Specimens
D. Biohazardous waste
C. Specimens
The best way to break the chain of infection is:
A. Handwashing
B. Personal protective equipment
C. Aerosol prevention
D. Decontamination
A. Handwashing
An employee can learn the carcinogenic potential of potassium chloride by consulting the:
A. Chemical hygiene plan
B. Material safety data sheets
C. OSHA standards
D. Urinalysis procedure manual
B. Material safety data sheets
Blood vessel that supply blood to the kidney:
A. Renal artery
B. Renal vein
C. Peritubular capillaries
D. None of these
A. Renal artery
The only tissue in the body that is hypertonic with respect to normal plasma (i.e., its osmolality is greater than 290 mOsm/kg):
A. Glomerulus
B. Convoluted tubules
C. Renal cortex
D. Renal medulla
D. Renal Medulla
Ultrafiltration:
A. Chemical filtration
B. Mechanical filtration
C. Both of these
D. None of these
B. Mechanical filtration
Composition of urine:
A. Organic chemicals dissolved in water
B. Inorganic chemicals dissolved in water
C. Organic and inorganic chemicals
D. Organic and inorganic chemicals dissolved in water
D. Organic and inorganic chemicals dissolved in water
Which of the following is passively reabsorbed?
A. Amino acids
B. Chloride
C. Glucose
D. Urea
D. Urea
Amino acids & Glucose
- active proximal convoluted tubule
Chloride
-Active Ascending loop of henle
Urea
-Passive proximal and ascending
The correct method for labeling urine specimen containers is to:
A. Attach the label to the lid
B. Attach the label to the bottom
C. Attach the label to the container
D. Use only a wax pencil for labeling
C. Attach the label to the container
Urine preservative that maintains the pH at about 6.0 and preserves protein and formed elements well without interfering with routine testing except for pH.
A. Boric acid
B. Toluene
C. Formalin
D. Phenol
A. Boric acid
Polyuria in adults:
A. Greater than 1.5 L urine/day
B. Greater than 2.0 L urine/day
C. Greater than 2.5 L urine/day
D. Greater than 3.0 L urine/day
C. Greater than 2.5 L urine/day
Evaluation of polyuria:
A. Culture
B. Glucose
C. Routine urinalysis
D. Urine osmolality
D. Urine osmolality
Urine solute exhibiting diurnal variation:
A. Creatinine
B. Glucose
C. Nitrite
D. 17-hydroxysteroids
D. 17-hydroxysteroids
Phenol derivatives found in certain intravenous medications produce _
_urine on oxidation.
A. Amber
B. Yellow
C. Orange
D. Green
D. Green
Calibration of centrifuges is customarily performed every _
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Every 3 months (quarterly)
D. Every 3 months
Centrifuges are routinely disinfected on
aIbasis.
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Yearly
B. Weekly
Let refrigerated urine specimens warm to _
_before testing:
A. Body temperature
B. Room temperature
C. 37 °C
D. 56 °C
B. Room temperature
Refrigeration may cause precipitation of amorphous urates and phosphates and other nonpathologic crystals that can obscure other elements in the urine sediment. Warming the specimen to prior to centrifuging may dissolve some of these crystals.
А. 20 °C
в. 37 °C
C. 40 °C
D. 100 °C
B. 37 C
Which of the following produces sweet or fruity odor in urine?
A. Bacteria
B. Ketone
C. Methionine
D. Phenylalanine
B. Ketone
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The concentration of myoglobin in the urine must be at least before the red pigmentation can be visualized.
A. 10 mg/dL
B. 15 mg/dL
c. 20 mg/dL
D. 25 mg/dL
D. 25mg/dl
A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.005 would be considered:
A. Isosthenuric
B. Hyposthenuric
C. Hypersthenuric
D. Not urine
B. Hyposthenuric
The reading of distilled water by the refractometer is 1.003. You should:
A. Subtract 1.003 from each specimen reading
B. Add 1.003 to each specimen reading
C. Use a new refractometer
D. Adjust the set screw
D. Adjust the set screw
Refractometer results are valid up to specimen with greater than (your answer) should be diluted and remeasured.
A. 1.020
В. 1.030
C. 1.035
D. 1.050
C. 1.035
Urine specific gravity by the REAGENT STRIP is 1.020, chemical tests indicate presence of 2 g/dL protein. What is the corrected specific gravity?
A. 1.010
B. 1.012
C. 1.014
D. 1.020
D. 1.020
Urine specific gravity by the REFRACTOMETER is 1.020.
The urine temperature is 17 °C. What is the corrected specific gravity?
A. 1.016
в. 1.017
C. 1.019
D. 1.020
D. 1.020
Urine specific gravity by the URINOMETER is 1.032. The urine temperature is 26 °C and chemical tests indicate presence of 2g/dl protein. What is the corrected specific gravity?
A. 1.022
в. 1.024
C. 1.026
D. 1.028
D. 1.028
The method for determining a urine specific gravity that is based on the principle that the frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution is:
A. Colorimetric
B. Oscillation densitometry
C. Refractometry
D. Urinometry
B. Oscillation densitometry
A urine sample is received in the laboratory with the appropriate custody control form, and a request for drug of abuse screening. Which test result would be cause for rejecting the sample?
A. Temperature after collection 95°F
B. pH 5.0
C. Specific gravity 1.005
D. Creatinine 5 mg/dL
D. Creatinine 5 mg/dL
When testing for drugs of abuse in urine, which of the following test results indicate dilution and would be cause for rejecting the sample?
A. Temperature upon sample submission 92°F
B. Specific gravity 1.002; Creatinine 15 mg/dL
C. pH 5.8; temperature 94°F
D. Specific gravity 1.012, creatinine 25 mg/dL
B. Specific gravity 1.002; Creatinine 15 mg/dL
How should controls be run to ensure the precision and accuracy of the reagent test strips used for the chemical analysis of urine?
A. Positive controls should be run on a daily basis and negative controls when opening a new bottle of test strips.
B. Positive and negative controls should be run when the test strips’ expiration date is passed.
C. Positive and negative controls should be run on a daily basis.
D. Positive controls should be run on a daily basis and negative controls on a weekly basis.
C. Positive and negative controls should be run on a daily basis.
All of the following are important to protect the integrity of reagent strips EXCEPT:
A. Removing the desiccant from the bottle
B. Storing in an opaque bottle
C. Storing at room temperature
D. Resealing the bottle after removing a strip
A. Removing the desiccant from the bottle
Which of the following tests is affected LEAST by standing or improperly stored urine?
A. Glucose
B. Protein
C. pH
D. Bilirubin
B. Protein
The principle of “protein error of indicators” is based on:
A. Protein changing the pH of the specimen
B. Protein changing the pKa of the specimen
C. Protein accepting hydrogen from the indicator
D. Protein giving up hydrogen to the indicator
C. Protein accepting hydrogen from the indicator
Sensitivity of Multistix albumin pad:
A. 5 to 10 mg/dL albumin
B. 10 to 14 mg/dL albumin
C. 15 to 30 mg/dL albumin
D. 20 to 30 mg/dL albumin
C. 15 to 30 mg/dL albumin
Daily loss of protein in urine normally does not exceed:
A. 30 mg
B. 50 mg
C. 100 mg
D. 150 mg
D. 150 mg