Cluster A Personality Disorders Flashcards
what is the underlying pattern in paranoid PD
pattern of DISTRUST and SUSPICOUSNESS such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent
(i.e people trying to interfere with your life)
i.e Mad Eye Moody
what is the underlying pattern in schizoid PD
pattern of DETACHMENT from social relationships and a RESTRICTED range of emotional expression
i.e Argus Filch
what is the underlying pattern in schizotypal PD
pattern of ACUTE DISCOMFORT in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual DISTORTIONS and ECCENTRICITIES of behaviour
i.e Luna Lovegood
how many features are listed in criterion A for schizoid PD? how many are required to meet criteria?
need 4/7
what is criterion A for schizoid PD
a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 4+ of:
- neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
- almost always chooses solitary activities
- has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person
- takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
- lacks close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives
- appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
- shows emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affectivity
what is a mnemonic to remember the criteria of schizoid PD
SIR SAFE
Solitary lifestyle
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Relationships are of no interest
Sexual experiences are of little interest
Activities are not enjoyed
Friends are lacking
Emotionally cold and detached
what is the prevalence of schizoid PD, and the gender preponderance
3-5%
M>F
what are the risk factors for schizoid PD
relative with schizophrenia or schizotypal PD
what tasks are generally preferred by those with schizoid PD
mechanical or abstract ie computer or math games
how might someone with schizoid PD experience sensory, bodily or interpersonal experiences
generally reduced experiences of pleasure (i.e in response to walking on a beach at sunset, having sex)
may rarely experience strong emotions like anger or joy–> may have difficulty expressing anger, even in response to direct provocation
lives may seem directionless, and appear to “drift” i their goals
can schizoid PD be an antecedent to SCZ or delusional disorder
yes can be–> those with schizoid PD may also experience brief (minutes to hours) episodes of psychosis in response to stress
what neurodevelopmental disorder can be difficult to distinguish from schizoid PD
Autism
–> look for the fixed interests and stereotyped behaviours of autism
while those with OCPD may show “social detachment” they in different from those with schizoid PD in what key feature
those with OCPD have underlying capacity and desire for intimacy
those with schizoid PD may be at higher risk for what disorder
MDD
schizoid PD is most often comorbid with that disorders
schizotypal, paranoid and avoidant PDs
what defenses may be employed by those with schizoid PD
repression
suppression
isolation of affect
displacement
what psychotherapies may be effective in schizoid PD
CBT
psychodynamic
*those with schizoid PD cannnnn be introspective and may be able to build trust with therapist over time
how many features are listed in criterion A for paranoid PD? how many are required to meet criteria?
4/7
what is criterion A for paranoid PD
a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of othres, such that their motives area interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 4+ of the following:
- suspects, without sufficient bases, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her
- is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates
- is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her
- reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
- persistently bears grudges (i.e is unforgiving of insults, injuries or slights)
- perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack
- has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
what is the prevalence of paranoid PD
2-4%
in which populations is paranoid PD more common
males more than females
more common in minorities
more common in those with hearing impairment
what is a risk factor for development of paranoid PD
childhood trauma
those who have had physical (but not sexual) abuse
what is the usual motivation behind antisocial behaviours seen in paranoid PD
desire for revenge in the context of suspiciousness (rather than for personal gain or to exploit others like in ASPD)
what is the main psychological defense used in paranoid PD
projection
what types of treatment have been recommended for paranoid PD
no studies done
can recommend CBT, psychodynamic
*focus on improving the ability of the individual to trust others, and tolerate intimacy with others
how should clinicians act towards those with paranoid PD
straightforward and careful about offering interpretations, especially in topic areas that may feed into the persons suspiciousness
how does paranoid PD change over time
paranoid PD has greater stability and less deterioration relative to schizoid PD
what is a mnemonic to remember the criteria for paranoid PD
GET FACT
Grudges held for long periods
Exploitation expected (without a sufficient basis)
Trustworthiness of others is doubted
Fidelity of sexual partner questioned
Attacks on character are perceived
Confides in others rarely, if at all
Threatening meanings read into events
how do those with paranoid PD often relate to others
often feel need to have high degree of control over others
often rigid, critical of others, and unable to collaborate–although have great difficulty accepting criticism themselves
may blame others for their own shortcomings
may be litigious (due to quickness to counterattack in response to perceived threats)
seek to confirm their preconceived negative notions regarding people or situations they encounter
may exhibit thinly hidden, unrealistic grandiose fantasies –often attuned to issues of power and rank
how might someone with paranoid PD perceive the world
attracted by simplistic formulations of the world
often wary of ambiguous situations
may be perceived as “fanatics” and form tightly knit “cults” with others who share their paranoid belief systems
how many features are listed in criterion A of schizotypal PD? how many are required to meet criteria?
5/9
what is criterion A for schizotypal PD
a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour:
- ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
- odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behaviour and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (i.e superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense;” in children or adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations)
- unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
- odd thinking and speech (i.e vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, stereotyped)
- suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
- inappropriate or constricted affect
- behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric or peculiar
- lack of close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives
- excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative self judgments about self
what % of those with schizotypal PD have a concurrent dx of MDD when admitted to a clinical setting
30-50%
what is the course of schizotypal PD
relatively stable
only small % go on to develop SCZ or other psychotic disorder
what is a mnemonic to remember the criteria for schizotypal PD
UFO AIDER
Unusual perceptions
Friendless except for family
Odd beliefs, thinking and speech
Affect–inappropriate, constricted
Ideas of reference
Doubts of others–suspicious
Eccentric–appearance, behaviour
Reluctant in social situations, anxious
