clouds Flashcards

1
Q

how are clouds formed?

A

when water vapour in atmosphere turns into liquid water droplets.

Water droplets condense onto a nuclei particles like dust/salt floating in air

described through collision-coalescence and evaporation of supercooled water feeds snow crystal growth

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2
Q

why do lots of clouds form over ocean?

A

due to salt

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3
Q

different clouds reflect…

A

different amounts of energy

they emit radiation to space which depends on cloud temp

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4
Q

are higher clouds warm or cold?

A

cold as less radiation emitted

low pressure system

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5
Q

why are low clouds warm?

A

emit lots of thermal energy

high albedo - reflects a lot

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6
Q

what 2 factors are key to cloud classification?

A

altitude

shape

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7
Q

stratiform…

A

horizontally developed

flat

layered

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8
Q

cumuliform…

A

vertically developed

globular

puffy

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9
Q

cirroform…

A

high - lots of water vapour here

wispy

less thick

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10
Q

define stratus

A

continuous layer

often with rain

Uniform

Gray

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11
Q

define nimbo

A

dark grey clouds

rain cloud/ stormy

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12
Q

define cumulus

A

rounded heaped masses

low altitude

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13
Q

Define alto

A

Middle level clouds

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14
Q

Define cirro/cirrus

A

High clouds

Wispy
Feathery

Molly

Sun and moon haloes

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15
Q

List 3 low clouds

A

Stratus

Stratocumulus

Nimbostratus

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16
Q

Stratocumulus

A

Soft

Globular masses

Waves / rolls

Over cast

17
Q

Nimbostratus

A

Dark
Gray
Low

Frizzing rain

18
Q

Low clouds height

A

Up to 2000m

Water

19
Q

Name 2 middle clouds

A

Altocumulus

Altostratus

20
Q

Height of middle cloud

A

2000-6000m

I’ve and water

21
Q

Altostratus

A

Thin to thick

Suns outline just viable

Grey

22
Q

Altocumulus

A

Cotton balls

Arranged in lines or groups

Rippling waves

Associated with mountains

23
Q

Name 3 high clouds

A

Cirrus

Cirrostratus

Cirrocumulus

24
Q

Height of high clouds

A

6000-13,000m

Ice

25
Cirrostratus
Fused sheets of ice crystals Milky Sun and mood haloes
26
Cirrocumulus
Dappled Small white flakes Lines or groups Ripples
27
Name 2 vertically developed clouds
Cumulus Cumulonimbus
28
Cumulus
Sharply outlines Puffy Flat based Swelling tops
29
Cumulonimbus
Dense Heavy Massive Dark thunderstorms Hard showers
30
Where to vertically developed clouds form
Near surface to 13,000m Water below ice above
31
Mammatus
Lumpy clouds Pouches hanging bean each our Basically Cumulonimbus taincloud
32
Kelvin helmholtz pillows
Windy days Unstable atmosphere Mid high level
33
Lenticular clouds
Stationary Perpendicular to wind direct Troposphere Over mountains