Cloud Practitioner Flashcards
What is the most used service?
EC2
What does EC2 stand for?
Elastic Cloud Compute
What is main advantage of Lambda?
You don’t have to worry about servers, just your code
What does S3 stand for?
Simple Storage Service
What does RDS stand for?
Relational Database Service
What is AWS’s non-relational DB?
DynamoDB
What is AWS’s DNS service called?
Route53
What does SQS stand for?
Simple Queue Service
What is AWS’s CDN called?
CloudFront
Three main reasons to move to AWS?
pricing, scalability, location
What does EBS stand for?
Elastic Block Store
What is Elastic Beanstalk?
Platform As A Service (PAAS) - Similar to GoDaddy, where you upload website content but don’t worry about servers.
What is an availability zone?
One or more physical data centers in a close location.
What is a region?
A physical location which consists of one or more availability zones.
What is an edge location?
AWS endpoints used for caching more frequently accessed content.
Why would you choose a particular region?
Data sovereignty laws, latency to end users, services available in that particular region
What are the five support plans?
Basic, Developer, Business, Support API, Enterprise
What is Basic support?
Free but no tech support
What is Developer support level?
For experimenting with AWS, $29/month but scales with usage, dedicated support contact.
What is Business support level?
24 hour support w/1hr response time for urgent issues, Access to Trusted Advisor, Access to Support API, $100/month but scales with usage.
What is Enterprise support level?
$15k/month and scales with usage, for mission-critical apps, Includes TAM (Technical Account Manager) which acts as go-between, 15 min response time for critical issues.
Are key pairs global?
No, they are unique to each region.
How would you monitor for a cost threshold?
Using Cloudwatch, you would create a billing alarm.
How do you grant access to various resources?
Using IAM
Is IAM region-specific?
No, it is global
What does IAM stand for?
Identity Access Management
What are the three ways of accessing AWS?
Programmatic, AWS Management Console, using the SDKs
What is the raw format of a policy?
JSON
What is the difference between object-based and block-based storage?
Object-based is for storing files, block-based is for OS, etc
What’s the max size for S3?
5TB
What does S3 being a universal namespace mean?
Bucket names must be globally unique.
How do you verify S3 bucket upload was successful?
HTTP 200
What’s important to know when uploading a file to S3 and then attempting to read immediately?
If you upload a new file, you will be able to read it immediately knowing it will match what was just uploaded. If you upload an updated version of an EXISTING file or delete an EXISTING file, changes can take time to propagate and you might not be able to immediately be able to read the most up-to-date version of the file.
What is S3 availability?
built for 99.99%, guaranteed 99.9%
What is the guarantee for S3 file durability?
99.99999999999 (11 9s)
How do you control access for files in S3?
ACLs
How do you control access at the bucket level?
Bucket policies
What are the seven storage classes?
S3 Standard, S3 – IA, S3 One Zone – IA, S3 – Intelligent Tiering, S3 Glacier, S3 Glacier Deep Archive, S3 Outposts
What is S3 Standard?
primary high performance storage
What is S3 One Zone - IA?
Lower cost option for IA when you don’t need multiple availability zones.
What is S3 – Intelligent Tiering?
Uses machine learning to choose best suited access tier.
What is S3 Glacier?
Low cost for archiving with configurable retrieval times.
What is S3 Glacier Deep Archive?
Very low cost for when 12+ hour access time is acceptable.
What is S3 Outposts?
Object storage in on-prem AWS environments
How are you charged for S3?
Storage, Requests, Storage Management Pricing, Data Transfer Pricing, Transfer Acceleration, Cross Region Replication
What is S3 Transfer Acceleration?
Takes advantage of CloudFronts global edge locations for optimization.
What is the format of an S3 bucket URL?
S3, region name, .amazonaws.com/ bucketname.
What are the three main global services (not region-specific)?
S3, Route53, IAM
Where can an S3 bucket exist?
Must exist in one region only
How can you replicate content across more than one region?
By using Cross Region Replication
What are the three ways to control S3 bucket access?
Bucket Policies (applies to entire bucket), Object Policies (applies to each file), IAM Policies to control access for specific users and groups
What do you have to do in order to be able to make an entire S3 bucket public?
Uncheck “block all public access” in the bucket permissions and then add a bucket policy that grants public access to the entire bucket.
Why do many companies put static websites on S3?
Because it scales automatically and can handle a large amount of requests.
What is S3 Versioning?
Stores all versions of an object, cannot be undone (only suspended), great for backup, integrates with lifecycle routines (automatically archiving to Glacier for example), can require MFA for extra layer of file deletion protection
What is Distribution?
Name given to a CDN which consists of a series of Edge Locations
What are the two types of CloudFront distributions?
Web Distribution and RTMP which is used for flash media streaming
Are edge locations read-only?
No, read and write
How long is a file cached at an edge location?
For the length of the TTL
What is the main downside of clearing cached files from edge locations?
You will be charged.
What are the four types of EC2 pricing models?
On-demand, Reserved, Spot, Fixed
What is the On-demand EC2 pricing model?
You’re charged by the second
What is the Reserved EC2 pricing model?
You commit to a 1 or 3 yr. term – he more you pay up front, the more discount you get. Cheaper than On-demand
What is the Spot EC2 pricing model?
You to place a bid for the price you’re willing to pay
What is the Fixed EC2 pricing model?
Allows you to have dedicated host within AWS to satisfy software licensing requirements etc
What are the three types of Reserved EC2 pricing?
Standard, Convertible, Scheduled Reserve Instances
What is the Standard Reserved EC2 pricing type?
Gives you up to 75% discount from on-demand but you’re locked into a specific instance type
What is the Convertible Reserved EC2 pricing type?
Only a 54% discount but you get ability to change instance type
What is the Scheduled Reserve Instances EC2 pricing type?
Allows you to reserve time windows
What is the Scheduled Reserve Instances EC2 pricing type?
Allows you to reserve time windows
What is the mnemonic for remembering EC2 instance types?
FIGHT DR MCPXZ AU