Cloud Digital Leader Flashcards
What is bandwidth?
A measure of how much data a network can transfer in a given time.
What are capital expenditures (CapEx)?
Upfront business expenses put toward fixed assets. Organizations buy these items once, and they benefit their business for years.
What is cloud technology/computing?
The technology and processes needed to store, manage, and access data that is transferred over the Cloud.
What is compute power?
The speed at which a computer can process data.
What is computing?
A machine’s ability to process, store, retrieve, compare and analyze information, and to automate tasks.
What is data?
Any information that is useful to an organization, including numbers, text, audio, video, images, or ideas.
What is digital transformation?
When an organization uses new technologies to redesign and redefine relationships with their customers, employees, and partners.
What is infrastructure as a service (IaaS)?
A computing model that offers the on-demand availability of scalable infrastructure resources over the internet.
What is network latency?
The time it takes for data to travel from one point to another, often measured in milliseconds.
What is on-premises IT infrastructure?
Hardware and software applications that are hosted on-site within an organization’s data center.
What is open source?
Software with source code that is publicly accessible and free for anyone to use, modify, and share.
What is an open standard?
Software that follows particular specifications that are openly accessible and usable by anyone.
What are operating expenses (OpEx)?
Recurring costs for a more immediate benefit, representing day-to-day expenses to run a business.
What is platform as a service (PaaS)?
A computing model that offers a cloud-based platform for developing, running, and managing applications.
What is a private cloud?
When an organization has virtualized servers in its own data centers to create its own dedicated environment.
What is a public cloud?
On-demand computing services managed by a third-party provider and shared with multiple organizations.
What are regions in Google Cloud?
Independent geographic areas where Google Cloud resources are deployed, composed of zones.
What is the shared responsibility model?
A model where the responsibility to secure data is shared between a business and the cloud provider.
What is software as a service (SaaS)?
A computing model that offers an entire application, managed by a cloud provider, through a web browser.
Google Workspace
What is the cloud?
A metaphor for the network of data centers that store and compute information available through the internet.
What is total cost of ownership (TCO)?
A comprehensive assessment of all layers within the infrastructure and associated costs across the business over time.
What is a zone in Google Cloud?
A geographic area where Google Cloud resources are deployed.
What is business intelligence?
The process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make better business decisions.
What is a database?
An organized collection of data generally stored in tables and accessed electronically from a computer system.
What is a data lake?
A repository designed to store, process, and secure large amounts of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
What is a data point?
A piece of information, such as a customer purchase or return.
What is raw data?
Unprocessed information that can be used to derive insights.
What is a dataset?
Aggregated data points of one category, such as customer transactions.
What is the data value chain?
The sequence of activities involved in transforming data into value for an organization; creation >
What is a data warehouse?
Data Management
The central hub for all business data, assembling data from multiple sources for analysis.
Google Product example: BigQuery
What is metadata?
Information about objects, such as images or audio.
What is object storage?
A data storage architecture for large stores of unstructured data, designating each piece of data as an object.
Google Product example: Cloud Storage
What is semi-structured data?
Data organized into a hierarchy but without full differentiation or any particular ordering.
What is streaming analytics?
The process of analyzing data in real time as it is being generated.
Google Product example: Pub/Sub
What is structured data?
Highly organized, quantitative data that is easily stored and managed in databases.
What is unstructured data?
Data that has no organization and tends to be qualitative, such as word processing documents or images.
What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
A broad field that describes any kind of machine capable of tasks that normally require human intelligence.
Google Product example: Vertex AI
What is data quality?
The degree to which data is complete, unique, timely, valid, accurate, and consistent.
What is explainable AI?
Techniques that make AI models more transparent and understandable to humans.
What is machine learning (ML)?
A branch within AI where computers can learn from data and make predictions or decisions.
What are ML models?
Mathematical models used to make predictions or decisions based on data.
What is responsible AI?
An approach to AI development that considers ethical, social, and environmental implications.
What is an application (or app)?
A computer program designed to perform a specific digital task, typically used by an end-user.
What is an application programming interface (API)?
Software that connects different applications and enables information to flow between systems.
What is a container?
An isolated environment to run software services and optimize resources from one piece of hardware.
What is a hybrid cloud?
An IT infrastructure that combines on-premises infrastructure with cloud infrastructure.
What is Kubernetes?
An open source cluster management system that provides automated container orchestration.
What is multi-cloud?
An IT infrastructure that uses multiple public cloud providers for greater flexibility and cost savings.
What is rehosting?
Moving an application or system from one environment to another without making changes (i.e., move ‘as-is’)
“Lift and shift”
What is serverless computing?
A cloud computing model where the cloud provider allocates resources on demand.
What are virtual machines (VM)?
A virtualized instance of a server that re-creates the functionality of a dedicated physical server.
What is availability in cloud services?
The duration for which the cloud service provider guarantees that clients’ data and services are accessible.
What is compliance?
The act of adhering to laws, regulations, or standards.
What is defense-in-depth?
The cloud service provider manages the security of its infrastructure and data centers.
What is encryption?
The process of encoding data stored in the cloud to safeguard it from unauthorized access.
What is the least privilege model?
A security principle that grants users only the minimum permissions necessary to perform their tasks.
What is malware?
Software designed to harm a computer system, such as viruses and ransomware.
What is phishing?
An attempt to obtain personal information by sending fraudulent emails or messages.
What is privacy?
The data an organization or individual has access to, and who they can share that data with.
What is SecOps?
A collaborative approach to security that combines IT security and operations teams.
What is security?
The policies, procedures, and controls put in place to keep data and infrastructure safe.
What is two-step verification (2SV)?
A security measure that requires users to enter a second verification code in addition to their password.
What is the zero trust model?
A security approach that assumes no entity or user is trustworthy and requires continuous verification.
What is DevOps?
A philosophy that seeks to create a more collaborative culture within developer and operations teams.
What is latency?
The time it takes for a system to respond to a request.
What is a log file?
A text file where applications write events, making it easier to identify issues.
What is logging?
A process that allows IT teams to analyze selected logs for application troubleshooting.
What is monitoring?
Gathering predefined sets of metrics or logs to provide visibility into performance and health.
What is resource hierarchy?
How an IT team can organize a business’s Google Cloud environment.
What is saturation?
The point at which a system is no longer able to handle any more requests.
What is an SLA (Service Level Agreement)?
A contract between a service provider and a customer that specifies the level of service provided.
What is an SLI (Service Level Indicator)?
A quantitative measure of a particular aspect of service performance.
What is an SLO (Service Level Objective)?
A target for a particular SLI, such as a maximum latency.
What is SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)?
A discipline that applies aspects of software engineering to operations for scalable and reliable systems.
What is traffic in cloud services?
The amount of data or number of requests that a system is handling.
What is Apigee API Management?
Product
A platform for developing and managing APIs.
What is App Engine?
Product
A platform for building scalable web applications and mobile backends.
What is Bare Metal?
Product
Infrastructure to run specialized workloads on Google Cloud.
What is BigQuery?
Product
Google Cloud’s leading data warehouse solution.
What is Cloud Bigtable?
Product
Google’s NoSQL big data database service.
What are Cloud Functions?
Product
An event-driven compute platform for cloud services and apps.
What is Cloud Identity?
Product
A unified platform for IT administrators to manage user devices and apps.
What is Cloud Logging?
Product
An audit, platform, and application logs management tool.
What is Cloud Monitoring?
Product
A tool monitoring infrastructure and application health with rich metrics.
What is Cloud Profiler?
Product
Continuous CPU and heap profiling to improve performance and reduce costs.
What is Cloud Run?
Product
A fully managed environment for running containerized apps.
What is Cloud Spanner?
Product
A fully managed Google Cloud database service designed for global scale.
What is Cloud SQL?
Product
Google Cloud’s database service for relational database management.
What is Cloud Storage?
Product
Google Cloud’s object storage service for structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
What is Cloud Trace?
Product
A tracing system collecting latency data from applications.
What is Compute Engine?
Product
Virtual machines running in Google’s data center.
What is Cost Management?
Product
Tools for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing business costs.
What is Dataflow?
Product
A fully managed streaming analytics service that creates a pipeline to process data.
What is Firebase?
Product
An app development software to build, improve, and grow mobile and web apps.
What is Google Cloud console?
Product
A web-based interface for managing and monitoring cloud apps.
What is Google Kubernetes Engine?
Product
An open source container orchestration system for automating application deployment.
What is Looker?
Product
Google Cloud’s business intelligence solution.
What is Pub/Sub?
Product
A distributed messaging service that can receive messages from various device streams.
What is TensorFlow?
ML/AI - Product
An end-to-end open source platform for machine learning, created by Google.
What is Vertex AI?
ML/AI - Product
A unified platform for training, hosting, and managing ML models.
What is VMware Engine?
Product
An engine for migrating and running VMware workloads natively on Google Cloud.
What are the four levels of the Google Cloud resource hierarchy?
The four levels are (lowest to highest): resources > projects > folders > organization node.
What is the benefit of permissions inheritance in resource hierarchy?
Permissions inheritance simplifies access management by automatically applying higher-level permissions to lower-level resources
What is the purpose of cloud billing reports?
Cloud billing reports provide a reactive method to track and understand past spending on Google Cloud resources and help optimize costs.
What is the function of Cloud Profiler?
Cloud Profiler continuously gathers resource usage data, such as CPU and memory, from applications to provide insights into resource consumption.
What are budget threshold rules in Google Cloud?
Budget threshold rules enable you to set alerts to notify you when cloud costs exceed a specified threshold, acting as an early warning for potential cost overruns.
What are the four golden signals of system performance?
The four golden signals are latency, traffic, saturation, and errors, which measure key aspects of a system’s performance and reliability
What is the importance of regular backups in cloud environments?
Regular backups are crucial for restoring systems after data loss, hardware failures, or cyber attacks, minimizing downtime and data loss.
What are resource quota policies in Google Cloud?
Resource quota policies allow you to set limits on the amount of cloud resources that can be used by a project or user to prevent overspending.
What is redundancy in cloud design?
Redundancy involves duplicating critical components or resources to provide backup alternatives and enhance system reliability.
What is replication in cloud services?
Replication is the creation of multiple copies of data or services across different servers or locations to ensure fault tolerance and availability.
What is the significance of the case priority in Google Cloud support?
Case priority influences response times, ranging from P4 (low impact) to P1 (critical impact).
What is the purpose of Premium support in Google Cloud?
Premium support is designed for enterprises with critical workloads, featuring the fastest response times and dedicated account management
What features does Standard support offer?
Standard support provides unlimited access to tech support during business hours and access to the cloud support API.
What is the typical journey of a support case in Google Cloud?
The journey includes case initiation, triage, troubleshooting, resolution, and closure with customer validation.
What are the four service levels of Google Cloud support?
The four service levels are Basic, Standard, Enhanced, and Premium support.
How does escalation work in Google Cloud support cases?
Escalation is used to flag process breaks but should be used sparingly as it can disrupt workflows and cause delays.
What is ISO 14001 certification in relation to Google Cloud?
ISO 14001 certification outlines a framework for enhancing environmental performance by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
What is the role of APIs in cloud services?
APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) allow different software programs to communicate, facilitating integration and functionality in cloud services.
What distinguishes spot VMs from preemptible VMs?
Spot VMs do not have a maximum runtime like preemptible VMs, though both offer similar pricing and can be cost-effective for certain workloads.
How are virtual machine costs calculated in Google Cloud’s Compute Engine?
Costs are billed by the second with a one-minute minimum, and discounts apply for sustained use or committed usage over time.
How do containers facilitate microservices architecture?
Containers allow for the deployment of smaller, individual services that communicate through APIs, supporting a microservices-based architecture.
What is the purpose of managed services in cloud application deployment?
Managed services automate the management of cloud infrastructure, including patching and monitoring, allowing teams to focus on application development.
What are the key differences between virtual machines and containers?
Virtual machines virtualize entire hardware layers while containers only virtualize software layers above the operating system level, leading to faster startup times and reduced memory usage for containers.
What are the benefits of using Cloud Run for applications?
Cloud Run is a fully managed serverless platform that automatically handles scaling and infrastructure management, making it ideal for stateless applications.
How does Cloud Run differ from GKE in terms of application deployment?
Cloud Run is suited for simple, stateless applications and fully manages the infrastructure, while GKE provides more control for complex applications.
What does ‘function as a service’ (FaaS) entail in serverless computing?
FaaS allows developers to run specific functions in response to events without managing the underlying infrastructure, simplifying application development.
What is load balancing in cloud computing?
Load balancing is the process of distributing network traffic evenly across multiple servers to enhance application performance and availability.
How does Google Cloud support hybrid and multi-cloud solutions?
Google Cloud provides tools like GKE Enterprise to manage Kubernetes applications across various cloud environments
What does identity and access management (IAM) entail in cloud security?
IAM involves managing user identities, assigning roles, and controlling access to resources to ensure secure and efficient operations within the cloud.
How does encryption protect data in transit?
Encryption in transit shields data from interception during transmission over networks, ensuring that only intended recipients can access the information.
What is the significance of the advanced encryption standard (AES)?
AES is a widely trusted encryption algorithm that ensures the security of data by transforming it into an unreadable format, used by governments and businesses globally.
What does the term ‘power usage effectiveness’ (PUE) measure?
PUE measures the efficiency of data centers by comparing the total energy used by the facility to the energy used by the IT equipment alone.
What is misconfiguration in cloud security?
Misconfiguration occurs when errors in the setup of resources expose sensitive data and systems to unauthorized access, making it a prominent threat to cloud security.
What is the function of two-step verification (2SV)?
Two-step verification adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide two different forms of identification to access their accounts.
What are the key trust principles of Google Cloud?
Google Cloud’s trust principles include data ownership, no data selling, confidentiality of data, encryption, protection against insider access, no government backdoor access, and adherence to international privacy standards.
What is the role of Google Cloud Armor?
Google Cloud Armor provides robust DDoS protection to safeguard web applications from cyber threats and ensure their availability.
What is DDoS in the context of cybersecurity?
DDoS, or Distributed Denial of Service, is a cyber attack that overwhelms a target with traffic, causing service denial to legitimate users.
What is the Google Cloud Compliance Resource Center?
The Compliance Resource Center provides information on certifications, compliance standards, and documentation to support organizations in meeting regulatory requirements.
What is the significance of transparency reports in Google Cloud?
Transparency reports provide insights into data protection practices and accountability, helping maintain customer trust.
What are the key principles of the CIA triad in cloud security?
The CIA triad consists of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability, which are essential for developing effective security systems.
What does the principle of least privilege advocate?
The principle of least privilege advocates granting users only the access necessary to perform their job responsibilities, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.
