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Professional Development > Cloud Digital Leader > Flashcards

Cloud Digital Leader Flashcards

1
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

A measure of how much data a network can transfer in a given time.

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2
Q

What are capital expenditures (CapEx)?

A

Upfront business expenses put toward fixed assets. Organizations buy these items once, and they benefit their business for years.

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3
Q

What is cloud technology/computing?

A

The technology and processes needed to store, manage, and access data that is transferred over the Cloud.

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4
Q

What is compute power?

A

The speed at which a computer can process data.

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5
Q

What is computing?

A

A machine’s ability to process, store, retrieve, compare and analyze information, and to automate tasks.

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6
Q

What is data?

A

Any information that is useful to an organization, including numbers, text, audio, video, images, or ideas.

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7
Q

What is digital transformation?

A

When an organization uses new technologies to redesign and redefine relationships with their customers, employees, and partners.

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8
Q

What is infrastructure as a service (IaaS)?

A

A computing model that offers the on-demand availability of scalable infrastructure resources over the internet.

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9
Q

What is network latency?

A

The time it takes for data to travel from one point to another, often measured in milliseconds.

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10
Q

What is on-premises IT infrastructure?

A

Hardware and software applications that are hosted on-site within an organization’s data center.

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11
Q

What is open source?

A

Software with source code that is publicly accessible and free for anyone to use, modify, and share.

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12
Q

What is an open standard?

A

Software that follows particular specifications that are openly accessible and usable by anyone.

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13
Q

What are operating expenses (OpEx)?

A

Recurring costs for a more immediate benefit, representing day-to-day expenses to run a business.

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14
Q

What is platform as a service (PaaS)?

A

A computing model that offers a cloud-based platform for developing, running, and managing applications.

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15
Q

What is a private cloud?

A

When an organization has virtualized servers in its own data centers to create its own dedicated environment.

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16
Q

What is a public cloud?

A

On-demand computing services managed by a third-party provider and shared with multiple organizations.

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17
Q

What are regions in Google Cloud?

A

Independent geographic areas where Google Cloud resources are deployed, composed of zones.

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18
Q

What is the shared responsibility model?

A

A model where the responsibility to secure data is shared between a business and the cloud provider.

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19
Q

What is software as a service (SaaS)?

A

A computing model that offers an entire application, managed by a cloud provider, through a web browser.

Google Workspace

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20
Q

What is the cloud?

A

A metaphor for the network of data centers that store and compute information available through the internet.

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21
Q

What is total cost of ownership (TCO)?

A

A comprehensive assessment of all layers within the infrastructure and associated costs across the business over time.

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22
Q

What is a zone in Google Cloud?

A

A geographic area where Google Cloud resources are deployed.

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23
Q

What is business intelligence?

A

The process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make better business decisions.

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24
Q

What is a database?

A

An organized collection of data generally stored in tables and accessed electronically from a computer system.

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25
Q

What is a data lake?

A

A repository designed to store, process, and secure large amounts of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.

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26
Q

What is a data point?

A

A piece of information, such as a customer purchase or return.

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27
Q

What is raw data?

A

Unprocessed information that can be used to derive insights.

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28
Q

What is a dataset?

A

Aggregated data points of one category, such as customer transactions.

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29
Q

What is the data value chain?

A

The sequence of activities involved in transforming data into value for an organization; creation >

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30
Q

What is a data warehouse?

Data Management

A

The central hub for all business data, assembling data from multiple sources for analysis.

Google Product example: BigQuery

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31
Q

What is metadata?

A

Information about objects, such as images or audio.

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32
Q

What is object storage?

A

A data storage architecture for large stores of unstructured data, designating each piece of data as an object.

Google Product example: Cloud Storage

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33
Q

What is semi-structured data?

A

Data organized into a hierarchy but without full differentiation or any particular ordering.

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34
Q

What is streaming analytics?

A

The process of analyzing data in real time as it is being generated.

Google Product example: Pub/Sub

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35
Q

What is structured data?

A

Highly organized, quantitative data that is easily stored and managed in databases.

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36
Q

What is unstructured data?

A

Data that has no organization and tends to be qualitative, such as word processing documents or images.

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37
Q

What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

A

A broad field that describes any kind of machine capable of tasks that normally require human intelligence.

Google Product example: Vertex AI

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38
Q

What is data quality?

A

The degree to which data is complete, unique, timely, valid, accurate, and consistent.

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39
Q

What is explainable AI?

A

Techniques that make AI models more transparent and understandable to humans.

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40
Q

What is machine learning (ML)?

A

A branch within AI where computers can learn from data and make predictions or decisions.

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41
Q

What are ML models?

A

Mathematical models used to make predictions or decisions based on data.

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42
Q

What is responsible AI?

A

An approach to AI development that considers ethical, social, and environmental implications.

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43
Q

What is an application (or app)?

A

A computer program designed to perform a specific digital task, typically used by an end-user.

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44
Q

What is an application programming interface (API)?

A

Software that connects different applications and enables information to flow between systems.

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45
Q

What is a container?

A

An isolated environment to run software services and optimize resources from one piece of hardware.

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46
Q

What is a hybrid cloud?

A

An IT infrastructure that combines on-premises infrastructure with cloud infrastructure.

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47
Q

What is Kubernetes?

A

An open source cluster management system that provides automated container orchestration.

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48
Q

What is multi-cloud?

A

An IT infrastructure that uses multiple public cloud providers for greater flexibility and cost savings.

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49
Q

What is rehosting?

A

Moving an application or system from one environment to another without making changes (i.e., move ‘as-is’)

“Lift and shift”

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50
Q

What is serverless computing?

A

A cloud computing model where the cloud provider allocates resources on demand.

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51
Q

What are virtual machines (VM)?

A

A virtualized instance of a server that re-creates the functionality of a dedicated physical server.

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52
Q

What is availability in cloud services?

A

The duration for which the cloud service provider guarantees that clients’ data and services are accessible.

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53
Q

What is compliance?

A

The act of adhering to laws, regulations, or standards.

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54
Q

What is defense-in-depth?

A

The cloud service provider manages the security of its infrastructure and data centers.

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55
Q

What is encryption?

A

The process of encoding data stored in the cloud to safeguard it from unauthorized access.

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56
Q

What is the least privilege model?

A

A security principle that grants users only the minimum permissions necessary to perform their tasks.

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57
Q

What is malware?

A

Software designed to harm a computer system, such as viruses and ransomware.

58
Q

What is phishing?

A

An attempt to obtain personal information by sending fraudulent emails or messages.

59
Q

What is privacy?

A

The data an organization or individual has access to, and who they can share that data with.

60
Q

What is SecOps?

A

A collaborative approach to security that combines IT security and operations teams.

61
Q

What is security?

A

The policies, procedures, and controls put in place to keep data and infrastructure safe.

62
Q

What is two-step verification (2SV)?

A

A security measure that requires users to enter a second verification code in addition to their password.

63
Q

What is the zero trust model?

A

A security approach that assumes no entity or user is trustworthy and requires continuous verification.

64
Q

What is DevOps?

A

A philosophy that seeks to create a more collaborative culture within developer and operations teams.

65
Q

What is latency?

A

The time it takes for a system to respond to a request.

66
Q

What is a log file?

A

A text file where applications write events, making it easier to identify issues.

67
Q

What is logging?

A

A process that allows IT teams to analyze selected logs for application troubleshooting.

68
Q

What is monitoring?

A

Gathering predefined sets of metrics or logs to provide visibility into performance and health.

69
Q

What is resource hierarchy?

A

How an IT team can organize a business’s Google Cloud environment.

70
Q

What is saturation?

A

The point at which a system is no longer able to handle any more requests.

71
Q

What is an SLA (Service Level Agreement)?

A

A contract between a service provider and a customer that specifies the level of service provided.

72
Q

What is an SLI (Service Level Indicator)?

A

A quantitative measure of a particular aspect of service performance.

73
Q

What is an SLO (Service Level Objective)?

A

A target for a particular SLI, such as a maximum latency.

74
Q

What is SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)?

A

A discipline that applies aspects of software engineering to operations for scalable and reliable systems.

75
Q

What is traffic in cloud services?

A

The amount of data or number of requests that a system is handling.

76
Q

What is Apigee API Management?

Product

A

A platform for developing and managing APIs.

77
Q

What is App Engine?

Product

A

A platform for building scalable web applications and mobile backends.

78
Q

What is Bare Metal?

Product

A

Infrastructure to run specialized workloads on Google Cloud.

79
Q

What is BigQuery?

Product

A

Google Cloud’s leading data warehouse solution.

80
Q

What is Cloud Bigtable?

Product

A

Google’s NoSQL big data database service.

81
Q

What are Cloud Functions?

Product

A

An event-driven compute platform for cloud services and apps.

82
Q

What is Cloud Identity?

Product

A

A unified platform for IT administrators to manage user devices and apps.

83
Q

What is Cloud Logging?

Product

A

An audit, platform, and application logs management tool.

84
Q

What is Cloud Monitoring?

Product

A

A tool monitoring infrastructure and application health with rich metrics.

85
Q

What is Cloud Profiler?

Product

A

Continuous CPU and heap profiling to improve performance and reduce costs.

86
Q

What is Cloud Run?

Product

A

A fully managed environment for running containerized apps.

87
Q

What is Cloud Spanner?

Product

A

A fully managed Google Cloud database service designed for global scale.

88
Q

What is Cloud SQL?

Product

A

Google Cloud’s database service for relational database management.

89
Q

What is Cloud Storage?

Product

A

Google Cloud’s object storage service for structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.

90
Q

What is Cloud Trace?

Product

A

A tracing system collecting latency data from applications.

91
Q

What is Compute Engine?

Product

A

Virtual machines running in Google’s data center.

92
Q

What is Cost Management?

Product

A

Tools for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing business costs.

93
Q

What is Dataflow?

Product

A

A fully managed streaming analytics service that creates a pipeline to process data.

94
Q

What is Firebase?

Product

A

An app development software to build, improve, and grow mobile and web apps.

95
Q

What is Google Cloud console?

Product

A

A web-based interface for managing and monitoring cloud apps.

96
Q

What is Google Kubernetes Engine?

Product

A

An open source container orchestration system for automating application deployment.

97
Q

What is Looker?

Product

A

Google Cloud’s business intelligence solution.

98
Q

What is Pub/Sub?

Product

A

A distributed messaging service that can receive messages from various device streams.

99
Q

What is TensorFlow?

ML/AI - Product

A

An end-to-end open source platform for machine learning, created by Google.

100
Q

What is Vertex AI?

ML/AI - Product

A

A unified platform for training, hosting, and managing ML models.

101
Q

What is VMware Engine?

Product

A

An engine for migrating and running VMware workloads natively on Google Cloud.

102
Q

What are the four levels of the Google Cloud resource hierarchy?

A

The four levels are (lowest to highest): resources > projects > folders > organization node.

103
Q

What is the benefit of permissions inheritance in resource hierarchy?

A

Permissions inheritance simplifies access management by automatically applying higher-level permissions to lower-level resources

104
Q

What is the purpose of cloud billing reports?

A

Cloud billing reports provide a reactive method to track and understand past spending on Google Cloud resources and help optimize costs.

105
Q

What is the function of Cloud Profiler?

A

Cloud Profiler continuously gathers resource usage data, such as CPU and memory, from applications to provide insights into resource consumption.

106
Q

What are budget threshold rules in Google Cloud?

A

Budget threshold rules enable you to set alerts to notify you when cloud costs exceed a specified threshold, acting as an early warning for potential cost overruns.

107
Q

What are the four golden signals of system performance?

A

The four golden signals are latency, traffic, saturation, and errors, which measure key aspects of a system’s performance and reliability

108
Q

What is the importance of regular backups in cloud environments?

A

Regular backups are crucial for restoring systems after data loss, hardware failures, or cyber attacks, minimizing downtime and data loss.

109
Q

What are resource quota policies in Google Cloud?

A

Resource quota policies allow you to set limits on the amount of cloud resources that can be used by a project or user to prevent overspending.

110
Q

What is redundancy in cloud design?

A

Redundancy involves duplicating critical components or resources to provide backup alternatives and enhance system reliability.

111
Q

What is replication in cloud services?

A

Replication is the creation of multiple copies of data or services across different servers or locations to ensure fault tolerance and availability.

112
Q

What is the significance of the case priority in Google Cloud support?

A

Case priority influences response times, ranging from P4 (low impact) to P1 (critical impact).

113
Q

What is the purpose of Premium support in Google Cloud?

A

Premium support is designed for enterprises with critical workloads, featuring the fastest response times and dedicated account management

114
Q

What features does Standard support offer?

A

Standard support provides unlimited access to tech support during business hours and access to the cloud support API.

115
Q

What is the typical journey of a support case in Google Cloud?

A

The journey includes case initiation, triage, troubleshooting, resolution, and closure with customer validation.

116
Q

What are the four service levels of Google Cloud support?

A

The four service levels are Basic, Standard, Enhanced, and Premium support.

117
Q

How does escalation work in Google Cloud support cases?

A

Escalation is used to flag process breaks but should be used sparingly as it can disrupt workflows and cause delays.

118
Q

What is ISO 14001 certification in relation to Google Cloud?

A

ISO 14001 certification outlines a framework for enhancing environmental performance by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.

119
Q

What is the role of APIs in cloud services?

A

APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) allow different software programs to communicate, facilitating integration and functionality in cloud services.

120
Q

What distinguishes spot VMs from preemptible VMs?

A

Spot VMs do not have a maximum runtime like preemptible VMs, though both offer similar pricing and can be cost-effective for certain workloads.

121
Q

How are virtual machine costs calculated in Google Cloud’s Compute Engine?

A

Costs are billed by the second with a one-minute minimum, and discounts apply for sustained use or committed usage over time.

122
Q

How do containers facilitate microservices architecture?

A

Containers allow for the deployment of smaller, individual services that communicate through APIs, supporting a microservices-based architecture.

123
Q

What is the purpose of managed services in cloud application deployment?

A

Managed services automate the management of cloud infrastructure, including patching and monitoring, allowing teams to focus on application development.

124
Q

What are the key differences between virtual machines and containers?

A

Virtual machines virtualize entire hardware layers while containers only virtualize software layers above the operating system level, leading to faster startup times and reduced memory usage for containers.

125
Q

What are the benefits of using Cloud Run for applications?

A

Cloud Run is a fully managed serverless platform that automatically handles scaling and infrastructure management, making it ideal for stateless applications.

126
Q

How does Cloud Run differ from GKE in terms of application deployment?

A

Cloud Run is suited for simple, stateless applications and fully manages the infrastructure, while GKE provides more control for complex applications.

127
Q

What does ‘function as a service’ (FaaS) entail in serverless computing?

A

FaaS allows developers to run specific functions in response to events without managing the underlying infrastructure, simplifying application development.

128
Q

What is load balancing in cloud computing?

A

Load balancing is the process of distributing network traffic evenly across multiple servers to enhance application performance and availability.

129
Q

How does Google Cloud support hybrid and multi-cloud solutions?

A

Google Cloud provides tools like GKE Enterprise to manage Kubernetes applications across various cloud environments

130
Q

What does identity and access management (IAM) entail in cloud security?

A

IAM involves managing user identities, assigning roles, and controlling access to resources to ensure secure and efficient operations within the cloud.

131
Q

How does encryption protect data in transit?

A

Encryption in transit shields data from interception during transmission over networks, ensuring that only intended recipients can access the information.

132
Q

What is the significance of the advanced encryption standard (AES)?

A

AES is a widely trusted encryption algorithm that ensures the security of data by transforming it into an unreadable format, used by governments and businesses globally.

133
Q

What does the term ‘power usage effectiveness’ (PUE) measure?

A

PUE measures the efficiency of data centers by comparing the total energy used by the facility to the energy used by the IT equipment alone.

134
Q

What is misconfiguration in cloud security?

A

Misconfiguration occurs when errors in the setup of resources expose sensitive data and systems to unauthorized access, making it a prominent threat to cloud security.

135
Q

What is the function of two-step verification (2SV)?

A

Two-step verification adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide two different forms of identification to access their accounts.

136
Q

What are the key trust principles of Google Cloud?

A

Google Cloud’s trust principles include data ownership, no data selling, confidentiality of data, encryption, protection against insider access, no government backdoor access, and adherence to international privacy standards.

137
Q

What is the role of Google Cloud Armor?

A

Google Cloud Armor provides robust DDoS protection to safeguard web applications from cyber threats and ensure their availability.

138
Q

What is DDoS in the context of cybersecurity?

A

DDoS, or Distributed Denial of Service, is a cyber attack that overwhelms a target with traffic, causing service denial to legitimate users.

138
Q

What is the Google Cloud Compliance Resource Center?

A

The Compliance Resource Center provides information on certifications, compliance standards, and documentation to support organizations in meeting regulatory requirements.

139
Q

What is the significance of transparency reports in Google Cloud?

A

Transparency reports provide insights into data protection practices and accountability, helping maintain customer trust.

140
Q

What are the key principles of the CIA triad in cloud security?

A

The CIA triad consists of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability, which are essential for developing effective security systems.

141
Q

What does the principle of least privilege advocate?

A

The principle of least privilege advocates granting users only the access necessary to perform their job responsibilities, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Professional Development (3 decks)

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