cloud concepts and technology Flashcards
what is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources through a cloud services platform via the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing
What are Six Advantages of Cloud Computing?
- Trade capital expense for variable expense.
- Benefit from massive economies of scale
- Stop guessing capacity
- Increase speed and agility
- Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers
- Go global in minutes
what does it mean to Trade capital expense for variables expense?
Instead of having to invest heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them, you can pay only when you consume computing resources, and pay only for how much you consume.
What does it mean to Benefit from massive economies of scale?
By using cloud computing, you can achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own. Because usage from hundreds of thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher economies of scale, which translates into lower pay as-you-go prices.
What does it mean to Stop guessing capacity?
Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs. When you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often end up either sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity. With cloud computing, these problems go away. You can access as much or as little capacity as you need, and scale up and down as required with only a few minutes’ notice.
What does it mean to Increase speed and agility?
In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time to make those resources available to your developers from weeks to just minutes. This results in a dramatic increase in agility for the organization, since the cost and time it takes to experiment and develop is significantly lower.
What does it mean to Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers?
Focus on projects that differentiate your business, not the infrastructure. Cloud computing lets you focus on your own customers, rather than on the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers.
What does it mean to Go global in minutes
Easily deploy your application in multiple regions around the world with just a few clicks. This means you can provide lower latency and a better experience for your customers at minimal cost.
What are the types of Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing Models
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
Define Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically provides access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space. IaaS provides you with the highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources and is most similar to existing IT resources that many IT departments and developers are familiar with today.
Define Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS) removes the need for your organization to manage the underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and allows you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications. This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application.
Define Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS) provides you with a completed product that is run and managed by the service provider. In most cases, people referring to Software as a Service are referring to end-user applications. With a SaaS offering you do not have to think about how the service is maintained or how the underlying infrastructure is managed; you only need to think about how you will use that particular piece of software. A common example of a SaaS application is web-based email which you can use to send and receive email without having to manage feature additions to the email product or maintain the servers and operating systems that the email program is running on.
What is key features of IAM
centralized control of your AWS account. Shared access to your aws account. Granular permissions Multi-factor authentication. Ability to provied temp access for users ,devices, and services where neccessary.
what is Roles, users, policies, and groups in aws IAM
Roles are thing you create and then assign them to AWS resources. User==End user. Groups== collection of users.
Policies are made up of docs. these docs are formatted in JSON and provide permissions for users groups and roles.
What is IAM
Identity and Access Management. IAM is global
what is in a credential report?
include: if password enabled, When the password was last used. When the password was last changed. When the password must next be changed. Access keys: whether an access key is active. When the access key was last used. When the access key was last rotated. What service the access key was last used on. MFA: Whether MFA has been enabled
what is S3?
provides developers with secure, durable, and highly scalable object storage. Can used with easy web services interface to store and retreieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.
- Safe place to store your files.
- Object-based storage.
- files can be from 0 bytes to 5 TB
- there is unlimited storage.
- files are stored in buckets
- buckets are like folders.
what are the basics of S3
- All bucket names are universal. So must be unique globally.
ex: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/acloudguru. - When you upload the file to S3 you will recieve HTTP 200 code if upload is successful
What is the basics of S3 objects.
Think of objects just as files. Objects consist of the following: Key (name of object) Value (the data) Version ID Meta Data Sub-resources: Access control lists, torrent
How does data concistentency work for S3?
- Read after write consistency for PUTS of new Objects
- Eventual Consistency for overwrite PUTS and DELETES. (can take time to propagate)
What does Amazon S3 Guarentees?
Built for 99.99% availability for the S3 platform.
Amazon guarentees 99.9% availablity.
Amazon guarentees 99.99999999999% durability for S3 info. (11 X 9s)
What are S3 features?
Tiered Storage Available Lifecycle management Versioning Encryption Secure your data using Access Control Lists and Bucket Polices.
What are the 7 different S3 classes
- S3 standard
- S3 IA
- S3 One Zone - IA
- S3 - Intelligent Tiering
- S3 Glacier
- S3 Glacier Deep Archive
- S3 Outposts
What is S3 Transfer Acceleration
will be uploaded to edge locations. Then use amazons network to but it into the s3 bucket location
What is cross region replication
every time someone uploads to primary bucket then will be replicated in secondary bucket in different region.
what is a CDN?
Content delivery network is a system of distributed servers (network) that deliver webpages and other web content to a user based on geographic locations of the user, the origin of the webpage, and a content delivery server.
cloud front, what is an edge location?
this is the location where content will be cached. this is separate to an AWS region/AZ.
cloud front, what is origin?
Origin of all the files that the CDN will distribute. can be an S3 bucket, EC2 instance, and Elastic load balancer, or Route53
cloud front, what is distribution?
This is the name given the CDN which consists of a collection of Edge Locations.
What is cloud front?
amazon Cloud front can be used to deliver your entire website, including dynamic, static, streaming, and interactive content using a global network of edge locations. Requests for your content are automatically routed to the nearest edge location, so content is delivered with the best possible performance.
what is EC2?
Elastic compute cloud. it is just a virtual server (or servers) in the cloud.
EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computing requirements change.
what are the EC2 pricing models?
- On Demand: allows you to pay a fixed rate by the hour. (or by the second) with no commitment.
- Reserved: provides you with a capacity reservation, and offer a significant discount on hourly charge for an instance. Contract terms are 1 year or 3 year terms.
- Spot: enables you to bid whatever price you want for instance capacity providing for even greater savings if your applications have flexible start and end times.
- Dedicated hosts: physical EC2 servers dedicated for your use. Dedicated Hosts can help for software licenses.
What is on demand pricing useful for?
Users that want low cost and flexibility of EC2 without any up-front payment or long-term commitment.
Good for applications with short term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted.
Applications being developed or tested on EC2 for the first time
What is reserved pricing useful for?
Applications with steady state or predictable usage.
Applications that require reserved capacity.
Users able to make upfront payments to reduce their total computing costs even further.
What is spot pricing useful for?
Its used for applications with flexible start and end times. Applications that are only feasible at very low compute prices.
What are dedicated hosts pricing useful for?
when have regulatory that may not support multi-tenant virtualization. Great for licensing which does not support multi-dendancy or cloud deployments.
Can be purchaced on-demand (hourly)
Can be purchased as a Reservation for up to 70% off the on-demand price.
What are the types of EC2 Instances?
For FPGA For IOPs For Graphics For high disk throughput For Cheap general purpose. For density For RAM for Main choice of general purpose apps For compute For graphics (pics) For extreme memory For extreme memory and compute For arm-based workloads For bare metal FIGHT DR MC PXZ AU
What is EBS?
EBS allows you to create storage volumes and attach them to EC2 instances. Once attached, you can create file system on top of these volumes, run a database, or use them in any other way you would use a block device.
