Cloud Concepts and Tech Flashcards by Julie Rothe

What is cloud computing?

On demand delivery of IT resources via the internet - pay as you go

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What are the 6 advantages of cloud computing?

Trade capital expenses for variable expenses
Economies of scale
Stop guessing about capacity
Increase speed & agility
Stop spending money running/maintaining data centers
Go global in minutes

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What are the 3 types of cloud computing?

Infrastructure as a service
Platform as a service
Software as a service

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What are the 3 types of deployments

Public cloud
Private cloud
Hybrid

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What are some of the high level services in AWS global infrastructure?

AWS cost management, security identity & compliance, storage, compute, DB, migration & transfer, network & content delivery

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What is a region?

Physical location that consists of 2 or more availability zones

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Around how many regions are there?

19+

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What is an availability zone?

Like a data center, each with redundant power/networking/connectivity housed in separate facilities

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How many availability zones are there?

57+

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What is an edge location?

Endpoint for caching content

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Around how many edge locations are there?

150+

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What is a collection of a CDN’s edge locations called?

Distribution

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What should I think about when determining the right AWS region? (3)

Data sovereignty laws, latency to end users, AWS services

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Basic support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

Free, no one can opencases

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Developer support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

Technical support rep, general guidance <24hr, system impaired <12hr, $29/mo (scales on usage), 1 person unlimited cases

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Business support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

24/7 support with an advisor on all channels, same support as developer + prod system impaired <4hr, prod system down <1hr, $100/mo (scales on usage), unlimited contact + unlimited cases

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Enterprise support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

TAM!, 24x7 support via all channels, same support as business + business critical system down <15min, $15,000/mo (scales on usage), unlimited contact + unlimited cases

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What is IAM?

Identity access management - way for users to access AWS

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Is IAM global or regional

global

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What are the 3 ways for someone to access AWS?

Programatically (via command line)
AWS admin console
SDK

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What is a root account?

Email address used to set up AWS account and has full admin access

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What is a group and in what format is that policy stored?

Groups are used to set permissions to multiple people based on categories. Policies are in JSON format

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What is S3?

Simple storage service - flat file storage

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Can you put an OS on S3?

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What is the file size range and storage range?

0-5TB file size, unlimited storage

What is an S3 "folder" called?

Bucket

Are S3 bucket names unique globally or regionally?

Globally

What is the format of an S3 bucket name?

S3-region.amazonaws.com/bucketname

What is the data consistency rule for a new file

Can read immediately on a PUT of new objects (read after write consistency)

What is the data consistency rule for PUTS and DELETES

Eventual - it takes time to propagate

What are the 6 storage standards?

Standard, IA, One zone IA, Intelligent tiering, Glacier, Glacier deep archive

What is S3 standard

Reliable, designed to sustain loss of 2 facilities, stored redundancy

S3 IA

Infrequently accessed - lower fee but retrieval fee

S3 one zone IA

Lower cost than IA, no multiple availability zones

S3 intelligent tiering

Uses ML to move data to optimize cost

S3 glacier

Lower cost for data archiving, retrieval times are configurable (minutes/hours)

S3 glacier deep archive

Lowest cost - 12 hr retrieval time

Which S3 storage standard is the cheapest?

Glacier deep archive

Describe transfer acceleration

Upload a file to the nearest edge location, and amazon backbone uploads to desired location

What are the 3 ways to restrict bucket access?

By bucket, by object, or IAM policies by user/group

What is a CDN?

Content delivery network - system of distributed servers to deliver content based on geography/origin of content/server

How does a CDN work in regard to caching and retrieving data?

User queries an edge location first to check cache. If no copy there, edge location downloads copy of file and is cached for future users

How long is an object cached for

A period of TTL (time to live) in seconds

Can you clear the cache of objects?

Yes but it costs $

What is EC2?

Elastic cloud compute - virtual services in the cloud, quick scaling, minutes to boot up

What are the 4 pricing options for EC2?

On demand, reserved, spot, dedicated hosts

What is on demand EC2 pricing?

Fixed rate by the hr, no commitment

What type of apps are on-demand EC2 pricing good for?

Short term apps

What is reserved EC2 pricing

Capacity reservations, discount for hourly charge, paid up front

What type of apps are reserved EC2 pricing good for?

1-3 year commitments, steady usage, long term predictable usage patterns

What are the 3 types of reserved EC2 pricing?

Standard, convertible, scheduled

What is spot EC2 pricing?

Bid on a price you want for capacity

What type of apps is spot EC2 pricing good for?

Flexible start/end times, urgent computing for large capacity

For Spot EC2 pricing, are you charged if AWS terminates the instance?

No, you are only charged if YOU terminate the instance

What is dedicated host EC2 pricing?

Physical servers, use your own software licenses

What type of apps is dedicated EC2 pricing good for?

Regulatory, specific licensing

What is the acronym for the EC2 instance types

F I G H T D R M C P X Y Z A U

What is amazon EBS?

Virtual disks EC2 uses - create storage volumes

What are the 2 types of of EBS?

SSD & Magnetic

What are the 2 types of SSD EBS

``` GP2 - generic purpose - price with performance Provisioned IOPS (IO1) - highest performance ```

What are the 2 types of SSD Magnetic?

``` Throughput optimized (ST1) - low cost, frequent access Cold (SC1) - low cost, file services ```

What are the port numbers for SSH, RDP, HTTP and HTTPS?

SSH - 22 RDP - 3389 HTTP - 80 HTTPS - 443

What is a virtual security group?

Virtual firewalls in the cloud, need to open ports to use them

What are roles? Are they universal or regional?

More secure than using access keys/secret keys | Universal

What are the types of load balancers?

Application, network, classic

What is an application load balancer good for?

Make intelligent decisions for routing - good for payments

What is a network load balancer good for?

Extreme performances

What is a classic load balancer good for?

Test/Dev

What is the relational database in AWS called?

RDS

What are the types of relational databases in AWS?

SQL, oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, aurora, Maria DB

What are the 2 key features of RDS?

1. Multiple availability zones | 2. Read replicas

What is the non-relational database in AWS called?

DynamoDB

What is OLTP?

Online transaction processing - taking a new row/inserting into the DB

What is OLAP

Online analytics processing - pulls large number of records/data to do queries

What is redshift?

Data warehouse - used for OLAP

What is elasticache?

Web service to easily deploy/operate/store in-memory cache in the cloud. Improves performance of web apps by allowing you to retrieve info from cache instead of disk-based DB

What are the 2 open source caching engines supported by elasticache

Memcache, rediscache

What is autoscaling?

Allows you to provision multiple EC2 instances behind a load balancer depending on demand

What is amazons DNS service

Domain Name system = Route53

What is elastic beanstalk?

A way to deploy code/apps and manage in AWS without worrying about infrastructure. Limited in what it can provision

What does elastic beanstalk automatically handle (4)?

Capacity provisioning Load balancing Scaling App health monitoring

What is cloudformation?

Service to model and set up AWS resources. Crete template for all the resources you want and cloudformation configures/provisions the resources. Don't need to know what is dependent on what Can provision almost any AWS services, completely programmable

Are elastic beanstalk & cloudformation free?

The services themselves are free, but the resources they provision are NOT

What is scaling up?

Increasing size of server/amount of CPU/RAM on an individual machine

What is scaling out?

Increase the number of machines