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Certified Cloud Practitioner > Cloud Concepts and Tech > Flashcards

Cloud Concepts and Tech Flashcards

1
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

On demand delivery of IT resources via the internet - pay as you go

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2
Q

What are the 6 advantages of cloud computing?

A
  1. Trade capital expenses for variable expenses
  2. Economies of scale
  3. Stop guessing about capacity
  4. Increase speed & agility
  5. Stop spending money running/maintaining data centers
  6. Go global in minutes
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of cloud computing?

A
  1. Infrastructure as a service
  2. Platform as a service
  3. Software as a service
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of deployments

A
  1. Public cloud
  2. Private cloud
  3. Hybrid
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5
Q

What are some of the high level services in AWS global infrastructure?

A

AWS cost management, security identity & compliance, storage, compute, DB, migration & transfer, network & content delivery

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6
Q

What is a region?

A

Physical location that consists of 2 or more availability zones

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7
Q

Around how many regions are there?

A

19+

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8
Q

What is an availability zone?

A

Like a data center, each with redundant power/networking/connectivity housed in separate facilities

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9
Q

How many availability zones are there?

A

57+

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10
Q

What is an edge location?

A

Endpoint for caching content

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11
Q

Around how many edge locations are there?

A

150+

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12
Q

What is a collection of a CDN’s edge locations called?

A

Distribution

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13
Q

What should I think about when determining the right AWS region? (3)

A

Data sovereignty laws, latency to end users, AWS services

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14
Q

Basic support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

A

Free, no one can opencases

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15
Q

Developer support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

A

Technical support rep, general guidance <24hr, system impaired <12hr, $29/mo (scales on usage), 1 person unlimited cases

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16
Q

Business support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

A

24/7 support with an advisor on all channels, same support as developer + prod system impaired <4hr, prod system down <1hr, $100/mo (scales on usage), unlimited contact + unlimited cases

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17
Q

Enterprise support plan - notes, response time/case severity, cost, who can open cases?

A

TAM!, 24x7 support via all channels, same support as business + business critical system down <15min, $15,000/mo (scales on usage), unlimited contact + unlimited cases

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18
Q

What is IAM?

A

Identity access management - way for users to access AWS

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19
Q

Is IAM global or regional

A

global

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20
Q

What are the 3 ways for someone to access AWS?

A

Programatically (via command line)
AWS admin console
SDK

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21
Q

What is a root account?

A

Email address used to set up AWS account and has full admin access

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22
Q

What is a group and in what format is that policy stored?

A

Groups are used to set permissions to multiple people based on categories. Policies are in JSON format

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23
Q

What is S3?

A

Simple storage service - flat file storage

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24
Q

Can you put an OS on S3?

A

No

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25
Q

What is the file size range and storage range?

A

0-5TB file size, unlimited storage

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26
Q

What is an S3 “folder” called?

A

Bucket

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27
Q

Are S3 bucket names unique globally or regionally?

A

Globally

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28
Q

What is the format of an S3 bucket name?

A

S3-region.amazonaws.com/bucketname

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29
Q

What is the data consistency rule for a new file

A

Can read immediately on a PUT of new objects (read after write consistency)

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30
Q

What is the data consistency rule for PUTS and DELETES

A

Eventual - it takes time to propagate

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31
Q

What are the 6 storage standards?

A

Standard, IA, One zone IA, Intelligent tiering, Glacier, Glacier deep archive

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32
Q

What is S3 standard

A

Reliable, designed to sustain loss of 2 facilities, stored redundancy

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33
Q

S3 IA

A

Infrequently accessed - lower fee but retrieval fee

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34
Q

S3 one zone IA

A

Lower cost than IA, no multiple availability zones

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35
Q

S3 intelligent tiering

A

Uses ML to move data to optimize cost

36
Q

S3 glacier

A

Lower cost for data archiving, retrieval times are configurable (minutes/hours)

37
Q

S3 glacier deep archive

A

Lowest cost - 12 hr retrieval time

38
Q

Which S3 storage standard is the cheapest?

A

Glacier deep archive

39
Q

Describe transfer acceleration

A

Upload a file to the nearest edge location, and amazon backbone uploads to desired location

40
Q

What are the 3 ways to restrict bucket access?

A

By bucket, by object, or IAM policies by user/group

41
Q

What is a CDN?

A

Content delivery network - system of distributed servers to deliver content based on geography/origin of content/server

42
Q

How does a CDN work in regard to caching and retrieving data?

A

User queries an edge location first to check cache. If no copy there, edge location downloads copy of file and is cached for future users

43
Q

How long is an object cached for

A

A period of TTL (time to live) in seconds

44
Q

Can you clear the cache of objects?

A

Yes but it costs $

45
Q

What is EC2?

A

Elastic cloud compute - virtual services in the cloud, quick scaling, minutes to boot up

46
Q

What are the 4 pricing options for EC2?

A

On demand, reserved, spot, dedicated hosts

47
Q

What is on demand EC2 pricing?

A

Fixed rate by the hr, no commitment

48
Q

What type of apps are on-demand EC2 pricing good for?

A

Short term apps

49
Q

What is reserved EC2 pricing

A

Capacity reservations, discount for hourly charge, paid up front

50
Q

What type of apps are reserved EC2 pricing good for?

A

1-3 year commitments, steady usage, long term predictable usage patterns

51
Q

What are the 3 types of reserved EC2 pricing?

A

Standard, convertible, scheduled

52
Q

What is spot EC2 pricing?

A

Bid on a price you want for capacity

53
Q

What type of apps is spot EC2 pricing good for?

A

Flexible start/end times, urgent computing for large capacity

54
Q

For Spot EC2 pricing, are you charged if AWS terminates the instance?

A

No, you are only charged if YOU terminate the instance

55
Q

What is dedicated host EC2 pricing?

A

Physical servers, use your own software licenses

56
Q

What type of apps is dedicated EC2 pricing good for?

A

Regulatory, specific licensing

57
Q

What is the acronym for the EC2 instance types

A

F I G H T D R M C P X Y Z A U

58
Q

What is amazon EBS?

A

Virtual disks EC2 uses - create storage volumes

59
Q

What are the 2 types of of EBS?

A

SSD & Magnetic

60
Q

What are the 2 types of SSD EBS

A 
GP2 - generic purpose - price with performance
Provisioned IOPS (IO1) - highest performance
61
Q

What are the 2 types of SSD Magnetic?

A 
Throughput optimized (ST1) - low cost, frequent access
Cold (SC1) - low cost, file services
62
Q

What are the port numbers for SSH, RDP, HTTP and HTTPS?

A

SSH - 22
RDP - 3389
HTTP - 80
HTTPS - 443

63
Q

What is a virtual security group?

A

Virtual firewalls in the cloud, need to open ports to use them

64
Q

What are roles? Are they universal or regional?

A

More secure than using access keys/secret keys

Universal

65
Q

What are the types of load balancers?

A

Application, network, classic

66
Q

What is an application load balancer good for?

A

Make intelligent decisions for routing - good for payments

67
Q

What is a network load balancer good for?

A

Extreme performances

68
Q

What is a classic load balancer good for?

A

Test/Dev

69
Q

What is the relational database in AWS called?

A

RDS

70
Q

What are the types of relational databases in AWS?

A

SQL, oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, aurora, Maria DB

71
Q

What are the 2 key features of RDS?

A
  1. Multiple availability zones

2. Read replicas

72
Q

What is the non-relational database in AWS called?

A

DynamoDB

73
Q

What is OLTP?

A

Online transaction processing - taking a new row/inserting into the DB

74
Q

What is OLAP

A

Online analytics processing - pulls large number of records/data to do queries

75
Q

What is redshift?

A

Data warehouse - used for OLAP

76
Q

What is elasticache?

A

Web service to easily deploy/operate/store in-memory cache in the cloud. Improves performance of web apps by allowing you to retrieve info from cache instead of disk-based DB

77
Q

What are the 2 open source caching engines supported by elasticache

A

Memcache, rediscache

78
Q

What is autoscaling?

A

Allows you to provision multiple EC2 instances behind a load balancer depending on demand

79
Q

What is amazons DNS service

A

Domain Name system = Route53

80
Q

What is elastic beanstalk?

A

A way to deploy code/apps and manage in AWS without worrying about infrastructure. Limited in what it can provision

81
Q

What does elastic beanstalk automatically handle (4)?

A

Capacity provisioning
Load balancing
Scaling
App health monitoring

82
Q

What is cloudformation?

A

Service to model and set up AWS resources. Crete template for all the resources you want and cloudformation configures/provisions the resources. Don’t need to know what is dependent on what
Can provision almost any AWS services, completely programmable

83
Q

Are elastic beanstalk & cloudformation free?

A

The services themselves are free, but the resources they provision are NOT

84
Q

What is scaling up?

A

Increasing size of server/amount of CPU/RAM on an individual machine

85
Q

What is scaling out?

A

Increase the number of machines

Certified Cloud Practitioner (3 decks)

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