Cloud Computing

Question 1

What are the main parts of a URL?

Answer 1

1. Protocol (or scheme): https://
2. Hostname (or domain): www.example.com
3. Port: :80 (default for HTTP) or :443 (default for HTTPS)
4. Path (or page): /path/to/page.

Question 2

What is a packet route?

Answer 2

The sequence of router IPs a packet traverses to reach its destination.

Question 3

What is the relationship between hostnames and IP addresses?

Answer 3

Hostnames (domains) are human-readable names mapped to IP addresses through DNS.

Question 4

What does an A record do in DNS?

Answer 4

Maps a hostname to an IPv4 address.

Question 5

What does an AAAA record do in DNS?

Answer 5

Maps a hostname to an IPv6 address.

Question 6

What is the role of a registrar?

Answer 6

Registers domain names and manages their mapping to DNS records.

Question 7

How much does an IPv4 address cost?

Answer 7

$30–50.

Question 8

What is the approximate cost of a domain?

Answer 8

$5–20 per year.

Question 9

How much does outbound traffic cost?

Answer 9

$50–100 per TB.

Question 10

What is the cost of an HTTPS certificate?

Answer 10

Typically $0 (e.g., via Let’s Encrypt).

Question 11

What is the role of AWS EC2?

Answer 11

Provides virtual machines (instances) for running applications.

Question 12

What is an Elastic IP?

Answer 12

A static IPv4 address rented for use with AWS instances.

Question 13

What does “instance type” refer to in AWS?

Answer 13

The hardware configuration of an EC2 instance, including CPU, memory, and storage.

Question 14

What are burstable CPUs in AWS?

Answer 14

CPUs that can temporarily exceed their baseline performance by using accrued credits during periods of low activity.

Question 15

What does Linux do in cloud deployments?

Answer 15

Provides the operating system for running server applications.

Question 16

What is the purpose of SystemD?

Answer 16

Manages services and processes on Linux systems.

Question 17

What is APT used for?

Answer 17

Installs and manages software packages on Debian-based Linux systems.

Question 18

What does SSH do?

Answer 18

Provides secure remote terminal access to servers.

Question 19

What is JournalCtl?

Answer 19

A tool for viewing and querying system logs.

Question 20

What is the role of the gateway server?

Answer 20

Acts as the public-facing server that handles incoming requests and routes them to internal services.

Question 21

What is the purpose of the ALLOWED_HOSTS setting in Django?

Answer 21

Restricts which domains/IPs can access the application, enhancing security in production.

Question 22

What does RPS stand for, and what are typical values for different instances?

Answer 22

RPS stands for Requests Per Second.

• Smaller instance (t3.medium): 10–30 RPS.
• Larger instance (c5.large): 100–200 RPS.

Question 23

What is an AMI in AWS?

Answer 23

Amazon Machine Image, a preconfigured template for launching EC2 instances.

Question 24

What is auto-scaling?

Answer 24

Automatically adjusts the number of running instances based on traffic or server load.

Question 25

What was the approximate monthly cost of the deployment in Assignment 7?

Answer 25

About $9/month.