close class words Flashcards
prepositions
shows position, relationship and indicates when where why and how
occurs before a noun or noun phrase
eg. on, beside, before, to, for, by, of, up
conjunctions
join words
introduce new clauses, show relationships btw clauses
coordinating- FANBOYS both IC
subordinating- because, therefore, as, when IC + DC
pronouns
stand in for/ replace a noun phrase
personal (1st,2nd,3rd), relative (who, whine, whose, which, that), interrogative ( who,what), reflexive (-self, -selves), indefinite ( some,no,any,every/thing,one ), possessive, demonstrative (this,that,these,those)
determiners
come before a noun and introduce a noun phrase
articles (the/an), numbers (two), indefinite (each, every, whatever), quantity (many, several), possessive (my, our, their, his, her, your), demonstrative (this that these those)
auxiliary and modal verbs
helping verbs
always occur with another verb
aux= helps show tense (mood and aspect) eg. to do, to have, to be
mod= shows modality = possibility, probability, likelihood, obligation eg. may might must/ can could/ shall should/ will would