Cloning and biotechnology

Question 1

Outline factors that may limit the size of the yeast population

Answer 1

sugar concentration
pH conditions will become too acidic
high ethanol concentration inhibits yeast

Question 2

Advantages and disadvantages of using yeast to make ethanol than a chemical method

Answer 2

Advantages:
Less energy required / can use waste material as as substrate/substrate
is sustainable / process is carbon neutral

Disadvantages:
Fermenters have lower temperatures so slower rate of
reaction

Question 3

Benefits of immobilised enzymes for large scale production

Answer 3

-Enzyme can be re-used to reduce cost
-Produces purer uncontaminated
-Reduced downstream processing costs
-Immobilised enzyme works at higher temperature
-Immobilised enzyme works in changed pH
-Reaction can be faster/ have a higher yield because can
be down at a higher temperature

Question 4

Primary metabolite

Answer 4

Molecule made in cells normal growth e.g. glucose

Question 5

Why is an injection not an example of gene therapy

Answer 5

Childs DNA not changed
Vector not used
Child cells not producing HGH hormone
HGH drug needs to be given repeatedly / short term solution

Question 6

Recombinant DNA

Answer 6

DNA combined from two sources