Cloning Flashcards
Define cloning
- the process leading to the formation of clone
Define clones
- GENETICALLY IDENTICAL copies of an organism
What process can cloning of cells be referred to
- mitosis
What process can cloning of whole organisms be referred to
- asexual reproduction
What are the 3 advantages of natural cloning
1) same environment suitable for parent and offspring
2) rapid
3) reproduction doesn’t require two parents or sexual reproduction
What are the 3 disadvantages of natural cloning
1) offspring overcrowding
2) no genetic variation
3) selection is impossible
4) entire population vulnerable to environmental changes
What is natural vegetative propagation
- generation of multiple offspring from one pant without sexual reproduction through the vegetative parts of the plant (non reproductive)
What is an advantage of natural vegetative propagation
- only one parent is required
- saves resources
What is a disadvantage of natural vegetative propagation
- one disease can affect the whole population
What is the process of natural vegetative propagation
1) many plants can reproduce asexually following
2) root sucker, or basal sprouts, appear within 2 months
3) these grow from meristem tissue, where damage is least likely to have occurred
4) the offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant
What are runners & stolen
- horizontal stems lying on the ground that can from roots
What are rhizomes
- horizontal underground stems lying on the ground that can be form roots and shoots
What are suckers
- new stems arising form the roots of plants
What are bulbs
- underground swollen stem with stored food and a bud
What are corms
- underground stem with scaly leaves and buds
