Clive Gray HIV lecture2 Flashcards
The primary hypothesis is that maternal HIV infection causes an imbalance of T cells in the placenta.
What are the two types of CD4 T cells discussed in the lecture, and what are their respective roles?
The two types of CD4 T cells discussed are inflammatory CD4 cells (Th1/Th17) and regulatory CD4 cells (Treg). Inflammatory CD4 cells contribute to immune responses, while regulatory CD4 cells play a role in immune tolerance.
How does maternal viremia prior to antiretroviral treatment impact the T cell proportions in the placenta?
Maternal viremia prior to antiretroviral treatment has a lasting effect on the proportions of T cells in the placenta. The study indicates that the proportions of T cells in the placenta are influenced by the maternal viral load before ARV treatment.
What is the relationship between maternal CD4 counts and T cell events in the placenta?
Maternal CD4 counts, which reflect immune competence, are correlated with overall T cell events in the placenta. Higher maternal CD4 counts are associated with specific T cell proportions and behaviors in the placenta.
What does the term “villitis” refer to, and why is it not observed in the context discussed in the lecture?
Villitis refers to inflammation of the placenta. In the context discussed in the notes, there is no villitis observed due to the presence of fetal-like cells in the placenta, which suggests a potential mechanism for the absence of inflammation.
What is the significance of detecting the Y chromosome in placentas from male deliveries?
Detecting the Y chromosome in placentas from male deliveries indicates the presence of fetal cells. These fetal cells could potentially explain the absence of villitis and may be involved in immune responses within the placenta.
How does the placenta reflect maternal immunity, and how might this influence immune events in the cord blood?
The placenta retains a “footprint” of maternal immunity, as maternal viremia and immune competence correlate with T cell proportions and behavior in the placenta. This immune environment in the placenta could impact immune events in the cord blood, potentially affecting the fetal immune system.
What is the main takeaway message from the study’s findings regarding T cell homeostatic imbalance in the placenta?
The main takeaway message is that maternal viremia and immune competence have a lasting impact on T cell proportions and behaviors in the placenta, which may influence fetal immune development and immune events in cord blood.
