Clinicals

Question 1

Rasagiline

Answer 1

Asilect: antiparkinson agent, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor. Irreversibly inactivates oxidase by binding to it at type B; inactivation of MAO leads to increased amounts of dopamine available in the CNS. Differs from selegiline by its nonamphetamine characteristics.

Question 2

Cabidopa/levodopa

Answer 2

Duopa, rytary, Sinemet; antiparkinson agents, dopamin agonists. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the CNS, where it serves as a neurotransmitter. Carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa. Relief of tremor and rigidity in Parkinson’s syndrome.

Question 3

Entacapone

Answer 3

Comtan: antiparksinson agent, catechol-O-methytransferase inhibitors. With levodopa/carbidopa to treat idiopathic parksinson’s Acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of the enqyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Inhibition of this enzyme prevents the breakdown of levodopa, increasing availability to the CNS.

Question 4

Entacapone

Answer 4

Comtan: antiparkinson agents: catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors
With levodopa/carbidopa to treat idiopathic parksinson’s Acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of the enqyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Inhibition of this enzyme prevents the breakdown of levodopa, increasing availability to the CNS.

Question 5

Memantine

Answer 5

Namenda; anti-alzheimer’s agents, n-methy-d-aspartate antagonist
Binds to CNS N-methy-D-aspartat sites, preventing binding of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Question 6

Donepezil

Answer 6

Aricept; anti-alzheimer’s agent, chloinergics, Inhibits acetylcholinesterase thus improving cholinergic function by making more acetylcholine available.

Question 7

Midodrine

Answer 7

proamatine, orvaten: cardiovascular sympathomimetics. Forms an active metabolite, desglyMidodrine, that is an alpha 1 agonist, and exerts its actions via activation of the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the arteriolar and venous vasculature, producing an increase in vascular tone and elevation of blood pressure.

Question 8

Acidophilus

Answer 8

lactobacillus acidophilus, intestinal flora modifiers. A bacterium found in the mouth, intestines, and vagina that can be used as a prebiotics.

Question 9

Colace

Answer 9

docusate sodium, laxative; stool softener. Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass.

Question 10

Levothyroxine

Answer 10

Synthroid, hormones, thyroid preparations, replacement of or supplementation to endogenous thyroid hormones. Principal effect is increasing metabolic rate of body tissues. Promote gluconeogenesis, increase utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulate protein synthesis, promote cell growth and differentiation.

Question 11

Risperdal

Answer 11

risperidone, antipsychotics, mood stabilizer, benzisoxazoles; May act by antagonizing dopamine and serotonin in the CNS.

Question 12

Amantadine

Answer 12

gocovri, osmolex, antiparkinson agents, antiviral. May cause greater amounts of dopamine to be released in the brain. Helps improve slow movements and rigidity.

Question 13

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 13

diuretic, microzide, aquamet: Increases renal secretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. Increased urine output.

Question 14

Acetaminophen

Answer 14

Tylenol, mapap; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis within the body, preventing fever and pain. Does not prevent against inflammation.

Question 15

Paxil

Answer 15

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor – paroxetine – inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin in the CNS, thus potentiating the activity of serotonin, has little effect on norepinephrine or dopamine, mechanism for benefit in treating vasomotor symptoms unknown.