Clinicals Flashcards
State the formulas for assessing burns
State the composition of ringers lactate
What is Parklans formula and what is it used for
Septic arthritis is a surgical procedure true or false
Causes of abdominal pain can be classified into what?
Types of hernia and hernia repair
Browlers chart
Rule of nines
K,Cl,Na,Bicarbonate,lactate
For fluid resuscitation
Parklans-4mls xTBSA x weight
First half is given within 8hours of getting burnt
Second half within 16 hours of getting burnt
So you’ll spread the second half to cover 16 hours
So patient may come one hour after being burnt so CALCUKATE for giving the first half of the fluid for 7 hours instead of 8 so some of the first half of the fluid will be left
Then you’ll give the other half over 16 hours
Causes- I-Infection I-Inflammation N-Neoplasm P-Perforation
So example in the right lower quadrant there are organs and each organs can have an I,I,N,P
So example the Fallopian tube could be inflamed,infected,neoplastic,perforated and each of these have medical names given to them to call them diseases
State the formulas for assessing burns
State the composition of ringers lactate
What is Parklans formula and what is it used for
Septic arthritis is a surgical procedure true or false
Causes of abdominal pain can be classified into what?
Types of hernia and hernia repair
Browlers chart
Rule of nines
K,Cl,Na,Bicarbonate,lactate
For fluid resuscitation
Parklans-4mls xTBSA x weight
First half is given within 8hours of getting burnt
Second half within 16 hours of getting burnt
So you’ll spread the second half to cover 16 hours
So patient may come one hour after being burnt so CALCUKATE for giving the first half of the fluid for 7 hours instead of 8 so some of the first half of the fluid will be left
Then you’ll give the other half over 16 hours
Causes- I-Infection I-Inflammation N-Neoplasm P-Perforation
So example in the right lower quadrant there are organs and each organs can have an I,I,N,P
So example the Fallopian tube could be inflamed,infected,neoplastic,perforated and each of these have medical names given to them to call them diseases
What is Ludwig’s angina
What is it’s presentation
Ludwig’s angina
Empyema is a complication of Ludwig’s angina
Tooth pain that can lead to Swelling of the jaw that radiates to the neck
Headache
Ludwig’s angina is a clinical diagnosis. The majority of patients report dental pain, or a history of recent dental procedures, and neck swelling. Less common complaints include neck pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, and dysarthria. Less than one third of adults will present in respiratory distress with dyspnea, tachypnea, or stridor.[53] On physical examination, over 95% of patients have bilateral submandibular swelling and an elevated or protruding tongue.[3,53] The submandibular swelling is often characterized as brawny and tense, with overlying erythema.
Airway management is the foundation of treatment for patients with Ludwig’s angina
Ludwig’s angina is a bacterial infection (cellulitis) that affects your neck and the floor of your mouth. It is not contagious. It typically starts from a tooth infection (abscessed tooth). This rare type of cellulitis can spread rapidly, causing life-threatening swelling that can affect your ability to breathe.
Ludwig’s angina is characterized as a rapidly progressive gangrenous cellulitis of the soft tissues of the neck and floor of the mouth.[52] With progressive swelling of the soft tissues and elevation and posterior displacement of the tongue, the most life-threatening complication of Ludwig’s angina is airway obstruction.
In Ludwig’s angina, the submandibular space is the primary site of infection
Treatment
Antibiotics
Surgical drainage if needed
What are the types of bowel obstruction What is volvulus State the types of appendicitis What is the normal size of the appendix What supplies the appendix w blood What is a stoma
Volvulus is obstruction due to twisting or knotting of the intestines
It is a large bowel obstruction
IBD and hernia are examples of large bowel obstruction
Obstructive and non obstructive appendicitis
Obstructive-faecolate,seeds,tumors,worms
Non obstructive-
8-10cm
The superior mesenteric artery beaches into the appendicular artery which supplies the appendix
A stoma is an artificial opening to an external environment
State the signs of appendicitis
There are more notes in my notes so go and read
Colicky abdominal pain
Fever
Vomiting
Nausea
Abdominal pain Typically begins as periumbilical or epigastric pain, then migrates to the RLQ
Rebound tenderness, pain on percussion, rigidity, and guarding: Most specific finding
What do you ask ODQ for someone with breast lump?
ODQ: Ipsilateral axillary lumps-, nipple changes-,breast skin changes, nipple discharge, nipple changes, cough-, breathlessness-, chest pain-, bone pains-, jaundice-,,weight loss-, headache-, seizures-
Risk factors:
Menarche @ ? years, menopause at 49 yrs, if she has children, never breastfed.
No history of exposure of ionizing radiations to breast; recent history of trauma to the breast
What do you ask in the fam history , drug history and past medical hx of someone w breast lump
Core needle over fine needle biopsy
Why?
PM hx: Breast Ca-, TB-, DM-, Hpt-, asthma-, Surgery-
Drug hx: No known drug allergies-, COCP-, oral contraceptives use
Family hx: Breast Cancer-, Colon Ca-, Ovarian Ca-
Do musculoskeletal systemic review too cuz they can present with bone or spine pain if cancer has metastasized
This is often the preferred type of biopsy if breast cancer is suspected, because it removes more breast tissue than a fine needle
