Clinical Use Of Neurologic Diagnostic Test Flashcards
Record from the somatosensory evoked potential from?
brachial plexus (UE),
popliteal fossa (LE)
and somatosensory cortex
demylinating diseases susch MS and OPTIC NEURITIS are an indication for what type of diagnostic test?
evoked potentials
Blood in CSF may be an indication of what?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
what is the best diagnostic tool to asses the integrity of afferent pathway in CNS
somatosesnory evoked potentials
which diagnostic tool Measures amount of blood flow in different areas of the brain
functional MRI
Culture examination of CSF may help diagnose what diseases?
- Herpes simplex encephalitis
- HIV
Abnormal BAEP’s (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials) in coma indicate what?
brainstem pathology = poorer prognosis
Which diagnostic tool records from CN VIII and brainstem
brainstem auditory evoked potential
inflamation of the optic nerve is an indicaion for what type of diagnostic tes?
visual evoked potential
Muscles used for muscle biopsy:
- Deltoid
- Biceps
- Quadriceps
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
True or false: Magnetoencephalography can be considered a direct measure of cellular activity
True
Which test has excellent temporal resolution?
MEG
Diagnosis of infant blindness is done using what type of diagnostic tool?
evoked potentials
Types of evoked potentials:
- Visual
- Somatosensory
- Brainstem
Which behavioral test can be done using magnetoencephalography test?
- Visual
- Auditory
- Somatosensory
- Motor
What are the indications for muscle and nerve biopsy?
- Muscle disease
- Myotonia (delayed relaxation)
- Myasthenia gravis -Neuropathies
which diagnostic tool Provides functional data of cerebral activation during any given task (motor, visual, cognitive)
Functional MRI
CT scan more sensitive than MRI for evaluation of :
calcifications,
subtle fx’s (fractures)
acute subarachnoid hemorrhage
Which electrophysiological method is often used to diagnose seizures?
EEG: electroencephalography
which diagnostic tool shows Intracranial calcifications, acute intracranial hemorrhages, and Evaluation of ventricle size
Computerized Axial Tomography (CT scan)
Which diagnostic tool emits magnetic waves?
MRI
How is the patient positioned during a CSF examination puncture?
Side lying or sitting
Muscle biopsy looks for what?
- Muscle fiber damage: Necrosis, Regeneraton Myopathic grouping
- Internal fiber architecture
- Inflammation
- Histochemistry
- Fiber type analysis
which diagnostic tool measures amount of blood flow in different
areas of the brain assuming that increased blood flow = increased brain activity and Assesses changes in cerebral function related to cerebral activity?
functional MRI
which diagnostic tool is excellent for acute intracranial hemorrhages
Computerized Axial Tomography (CT scan)
Electromyography (EMG):
Is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.
Form of functional neuroimaging that maps brain activity by recording magnetic fields in the brain?
MEG: magnetoencephalography
MRI is Study of choice to evaluate all lesions of brain and spinal cord except when?
CT scan more sensitive than MRI for evaluation of calcifications, subtle fractures & acute subarachnoid hemorrhage
During the procedure, a magnetic field generator, or “coil”, is placed near the head of the person receiving the treatment used to stimulate small regions of the brain?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Presence of lymphocytes in CSF may be an indication of what?
Acute inflammation
Where is the needle inserted during a CSF examination puncture?
L3-L4 or L4-L5
Interpretation of results of EEG:
- Normal rhythms
- Abnormal rhythms
- Age specific patterns
Indications for evoked potentials:
- Detect physiologic lesion below the limits of resolution of imaging techniques
- Hearing assessment
- Visual system exam: Diagnosis of infant blindness
- Detection of brainstem tumor (acoustic tumor)
- Demyelinating diseases: Optic neuritis, Multiple sclerosis
Indications for electroencephalography
- Transient states (seizures)
- Global disorders (dementias)
- Neonates
- Brain death
which diagnostic tool uses radioactive substance called tracer to measure blood flow?
Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)
which diagnostic too is better for evaluation of subtle fracture MRI or CT scan?
CT scan
CT scan more sensitive than MRI for evaluation of calcifications, subtle fx’s & acute subarachnoid hemorrhage
Are glucose and protein concentration part of the interpretation of CSF results?
Yes, can be high or low concentration
Somatosensory evoke potential uses the stimulation of what nerve in the UE?
median nerve
what is a CT scan?
A CT scan, also called X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) and computerized axial tomography scan (CAT scan) makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual “slices”) of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.
Measure the extent of x-ray absorption by
different brain tissues
Hearing assessment can be done using what type of diagnostic tool?
evoked potential
which tool provides information about the integrity of both peripheral and central neuronal pathways and assess damage & continuity of spinal cord tracts in early SCI
somatosesnory evoked potential
What are physicians looking for in muscle fiber biopsy?
- Necrosis
- Regeneraton
- Myopathic grouping
visual evoked potential esses patholgy of what?
Retinal photoreceptors,
Optic nerve,
Cortical blindness,
Multiple sclerosis,
Optic neuritis
Somatosensory evoke potential uses the stimulation of what nerve in the LE?
posterior tibial nerve
which imaging test shows how organs and tissues are working?
PET scan:
This is different than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), which show the structure of, and blood flow to and from organs. Many places have machines that combine the PET and CT images, so that only one exam is performed.
What are the contraindications of a spinal puncture?
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Intracranial mass
- Intraspinous mass
Which test measure electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed along the scalp?
EEG: electroencephalography
Elevated CSF pressure may be an indication of what?
- Infection
- Mass lesion
- Increased CSF production
What are the indications for lumbar puncture?
- CNS Infection
- Neoplastic invasion of subarachnoid space (tumor)
- MS
- GBS
- Neurologic disorders
Which diagnostic tool assess function of CN VIII and central auditory
pathways in brainstem
brainstem auditory evoke potential
Detection of brainstem tumor (acoustic tumor) is an indication for what type of diagnostic test?
evoked potentials
which diagnostic tool is excellent for acute intracranial hemorrhages and is used to assess disorders of blood flow, neoplasm, infection and MS?
Computerized Axial Tomography (CT scan)
which imaging test can depict regional density of neurotransmitters
Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)
Which diagnostic tool is Contraindicated if metal implants in body and with pacemakers
MRI
which imaging test is used to monitor changes in brain with functional activity at the cellular level?
Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)
In nerve biopsy physicians look for what?
- Inflammation
- Wallerian degeneration
- Demyelination
- Demyelination
- Fiber diameter
- Length of node
Nerve Conduction Velocity:
Is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve. NCS can determine nerve damage and destruction.
which tool can used to can be used to:
- Map brain function
- Determine brain areas involved in different tasks
- Provide treatment
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
