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CLINICAL USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS Flashcards

1
Q

DRUGS FOR STRICTLY AEROBIC BACTERIA

A

1) AZTREONAM
2) AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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2
Q

DRUGS FOR STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

A

METRONIDAZOLE

CLINDAMYCIN

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3
Q

BACTERICIDAL DRUGS

A

“VB-FAMS”

VANCOMYCIN

B-LACTAMS

FLUOROQUINOLONES

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

METRONIDAZOLE

STREPTOGRAMINS

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4
Q

BACTERIOSTATIC

A

MC’s TTS –> STATIC b/c you want them to stay there

MACROLIDES (b/c big tits)

CLINDAMYCIN

TRIMETHOPRIM

TETRACYCLINES

SULFONAMIDES

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5
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL ELIMINATION

RENAL OR HEPATIC?

A

HEPATIC: Chlorine Cleans Everyting Naf Car

1) CHLROAMPHENICOL
2) CLINDAMYCIN
3) ERYTHROMYCIN
4) NAFCILLIN
5) CLARITHROMYCIN

Everything else = RENAL (note the only C for renal is cephalosporin)

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6
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

Possible damage to the 8th crnail nerve of the fetus

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7
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

TETRACYLINES, GLYCYLCLINES

A

Tooth enamel dysplaisa, inhibitiong of bone growth

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8
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

SULFONAMIDES

A

KERNICTERUS (displacement of bilribuin from serum albumin)

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9
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

GRAY BABY SYNDROME

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10
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

TENDON RUPTURE/DAMAGE

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11
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

NITROFURANTOIN

A

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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12
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

TRIMETHOPRIM

A

FOLATE DEFICIENCY

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13
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

METRONIDAZOLE

A

UNKNOWN SAFETY (just like going on the metro)

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14
Q

SURGICAL ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS

1) CARDIOTHORACIC
2) COLORECTAL
3) GENERAL SURGERY
4) NEUROSURGICAL
5) ORTHOPEDICS
6) VASCULAR SURGERY

FOR EACH DO ANTIMICROBAL + IF PATIENT ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN

A
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15
Q

ANTIBIOTICS THAT FREQUENTLY CAUSE C. DIFF

A

1) CLINDAMYCIN
2) AMPICILLIN
3) AMOXICILLIN
4) CEPHALOSPORINS
5) FLUOROQUINOLONES

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16
Q

TREATMENT OF C DIFF

A

1) METRONIDAZOLE
2) VANCOMYCIN
3) FIDAXOMICIN

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17
Q

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

A
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18
Q

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS PROPHYLAXIS!

A

1) RIFAMPIN
2) CIPROFLOXACIN
3) CEFTRIAXONE

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19
Q

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA - EMPIRICAL TREATMENT

OUTPATIENTS

A

OUTPATIENTS

PREVIOUSLY HEALTHY + NO USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS WITHIN PREVIOUS 3 MONTHS:

1) MACROLIDE or
2) DOXYCYCLINE

PRESENCE OF COMORBIDITIES; immunosuppressing conditions or use of immunosuppressing drugs; or use of antimicrobials within previous 3 months

1) RESPIRATORY FLUOROQUINOLONE
2) B-LACTAM + MACROLIDE

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20
Q

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA - EMPIRICAL TREATMENT

INPATIENTS

A

NON-ICU: respiratory fluoroquinolone OR B-lactam + macrolide

ICU: BLACTAM + either

  • azithromycin or a
  • respiratory fluoroquinolone

For PENICILLIN-ALLERGIC PATIENTS, a

  • 1) respiratory fluoroquinolone
  • 2) + AZTREONAM
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21
Q

ANAEROBE (ASPIRATION) TX

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) B-LACTAM
2) B-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR
3) CLINDAMYCIN

NO ALTERNATIVE DRUGS

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22
Q

BACTEROIDES

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) METRONIDAZOLE

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

1) CLINDAMYCIN,
2) CARBAPENEMS,
3) PENICILLINS + B-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR,
4) CHLORAMPHENICOL

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23
Q

BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = MACROLIDE

ALTERNATIVE:

TMP-SMX

24
Q

BRUCELLA

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) DOXYCYCLINE + MACROLIDE

25
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) AZITHROMYCIN_** ALTERNATIVE DRUGS **_1) ERYTHROMYCIN_** **_2) CIPROFLOXACIN_**
26
CHANCROID
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) AZITHROMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN, CEFTRIAXONE, CIPROFLOXACIN ALTERNATIVE = none
27
C. TRACHOMATIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) AZITHROMYCIN_** (or other macrolide) **_2) DOXYCYCLINE_** Alternative drugs: 1) FLUOROQUINOLONE
28
C. DIFFICILE
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) METRONIDAZOLE_** ALTERNATIVE 1) VANCOMYCIN, FIDAXOMICIN
29
C. PERFRINGENS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) IV **_PENICILLIN G+/- CLINDAMYCIN_** Alternative drugs: 1) CEPHALOSPORINS, DOXYCYCLINE
30
ENTEROBACTER SPP
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) CARBAPENEM_** **_2) CEFEPIME_** Alternative drugs: 1) AMINOGLYCOSIDE 2) TMP-SMX, 3) FLUOROQUINOLONE
31
ENTEROCOCUS SPP ## Footnote DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1 ) AMPICILLIN +/- GENTAMICIN 2) VANCOMYCIN +/- GENTAMICIN ALTERNATIVE: 1 )LINEZOLID 2) DAPTOMYCIN 3) STREPTOGRAMINS
32
E. COLI
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) **_CEPHALOSPORINS_** 2) **_FLUOROQUINOLONES_** Alternative drugs: -many penicillins +/-
33
G. VAGINALIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) METRONIDAZOLE ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT: 1 )CLINDAMYCIN
34
H. INFLUENZAE (otitis, sinusitis, etc...)
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) CEFTRIAXONE_** 2) CEFOTAXIME Alternative drugs: 1 )AMPICILLIN-SULBACTAM 2) MEROPENEM
35
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) CEFTRIAXONE 2) CEFOTAXIME Alterative drugs: 1) FLUOROQUINOLONE
36
LEGIONELLA SP.
**_DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =_** 1) FLUOROQUINOLONE OR 2) MACROLIDE **_ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:_** 1 )TMP-SMX 2) DOXYCYCLINE
37
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) AMPICILLIN +/- GENTAMICIN Alterative Treatment: 1) TMP-SMX
38
M. CATARRHALIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) AMOXACILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID 2) 2nd/3rd generation CEPHALOSPORINS 3) TMP-SMX Alterative drugs: 1) AZITHROMYCIN 2) CLARITHROMYCIN
39
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) MACROLIDE or 2) TETRACYCLINE Alterative drugs: 1) RESPITARORY FLUOROQUINOLONES
40
N. GONORRHOAE
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) CEFTRIAXONE AND 2) AZITHROMYCIN/DOXYCYLIN Alterative drugs: 1) AZITHROMYCIN/DOXYCYCLINE
41
N. MENINGITIDIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN (usually CEFTRIAXONE) Alternative drugs: 1) PENICILLIN G 2) CHLORAMPHENICOL 3) FLUOROQUINOLONE
42
P. MIRABILIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) AMPICILLIN (sketchy says sulfonamide... eggs on ground) Alternative drugs: 1) CEPHALOSPORINS 2) PENICILLINS + B-LACATMASE INHIBITORS 3) AMINOGLYCOSIDES 4) TMP-SMX 5) FLUOROQUINOLONES
43
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) ANTIPSEUDOMONAL B-LACTAM + CIPROFLOXACIN Alternative drugs: 1) LEVOFLOXACIN 2) AMINOGLYCOSIDE
44
RICKETTSIA
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) DOXYCYCLINE_** Alterative drugs: 1) CHLORAMPHENICOL 2) FLUOROQUINOLONES
45
SALMONELLA TYPHI
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) CEFTRIAXONE OR 2) FLUOROQUINOLONE (ciprofloxacin) Alterative drugs: 1) Chloramphenicol 2) TMP-SMX 3) Ampicillin
46
SERRATIA SPP.
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) AMINOGLYCOSIDE + ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL B-LACTAM Alterative drugs: 1) FLUOROQUINOLONE
47
SHIGELLA
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = **_1) AMPICILLIN_** **_2) TMP-SMX_** Alterative drugs: 1) FLUOROQUINOLONE 2) CEFTRIAXONE
48
S. AUREUS OR EPIDERMIS | (METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE)
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = 1) **_NAFCILLIN, OXACILLIN, DICLOXACILLIN_** = ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS Alterative drugs: 1) CEPHALOSPORIN 2) CLINDAMYCIN 3) FLUOROQUINOLONE 4) IMIPENEM
49
S. AUREUS OR EPIDERMIS | (METHICILLIN RESISTANT)
Drug of first choice: **_1) VANCOMYCIN_** **_2) LINEZOLID_** Alternatives: 1) Daptomycin 2) Doxycycline 3) Fluoroquinolone 4) Streptogramins
50
STREP PNEUMONIAE (PENICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE)
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE: **_1) PENICILLIN G_** **_2) AMOXICILLIN_** ALTERNATIVE DRUGS: 1) CEPHALOSPORIN 2) CLINDAMYCIN 3) FLUOROQUINOLONE 4) MACROLIDE 5) TMP-SMX
51
STREP PNEUMONIAE (PENICILLIN RESISTANT)
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE: **_1) 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN (CEFTRIAXONE)_** **_2) FLUOROQUINOLONE_** ALTERNATIVE DRUGS: 1) VANCOMYCIN 2) LINEZOLID 3) STREPTOGRAMINS
52
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE: 1) **_BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G_** ALTERNATIVE DRUGS: 1) DOXYCYCLINE (penicillin allergic patients)
53
TRICHOMONIASIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE: 1) METRONIDAZOLE ALTERNATIVE DRUGS: NONE
54
TULAREMIA (FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS)
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE: 1) STREPTOMYCIN ALTERNATIVE DRUGS: 2) GENTAMICIN/CHLORAMPHENICOL
55
YERSINIA PESTIS
DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE: 1) STREPTOMYCIN ALTERNATIVE DRUGS: 2) DOXYCYCLINE
56

PHARM MIDTERM2 (18 decks)

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