Clinical Triads (+Quadriads)

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

Polyuria
Polydypsia
Polyphagia

Note: Occurs in sequence (excessive urination leads to stimulation of thirst and hunger)

Question 2

Hydrocephalus

Answer 2

DIG

Dementia
Incontinence
Gait ataxia

Question 3

Triad of O’Donoghue

Other names?

Answer 3

ACL tear
MCL tear
Medial Meniscus tear

Other names: Unhappy Triad (of O’Donoghue), Terrible Triad

Question 4

Myositis Ossificans

Answer 4

PaPaFlex

Pain
Palpable mass
Flexion contracture

Question 5

Female Athlete’s Triad

Answer 5

Disordered eating
Amenorrhea
Osteoporosis

Question 6

Charcot’s Triad

Answer 6

SIN

Scanning (Staccato) Speech
Intention Tremor
Nystagmus

“Si MS. Charcot ay SINful”
Charcot’s triad, despite its name, is present in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Question 7

Virchow’s Triad

DVT formation

Answer 7

VHI

Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Intimal injury

Note: occurs in sequence (prolonged immobility causes thickening of the blood, and thrombus formation is precipitated when intimal injury occurs)

Question 8

Cushing’s Triad

Occurs when there is increased ICP

Answer 8

Bradypnea
Bradycardia
Widening of pulse pressure (Hypertension)

Question 9

Kernicterus

When does Kernicterus occur? What type of CP is Kernicterus a common cause?

Answer 9

PAS

Parinaud’s syndrome (impaired upward gaze)
Athetosis
Sensorineural hearing loss

Occurs when there is excessive bilirubin. Often leads to CP athetoid type.

Question 10

Sjogren’s Triad

Answer 10

Dry eyes (Xeropthalmia)
Dry mouth (Xerostomia)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
\+ Dry vagina (leads to Dyspareunia or painful intercourse)

Note: This triad pertains to Secondary Sjogren’s Triad, where it is associated with another condition, particularly RA.

Question 11

Causalgia

Answer 11

HAT

Hyperpathia
Autonomic phenomenon
Trophic skin changes

Question 12

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 12

DBB

Deafness
Brittle bones
Blue sclerae

“Don’t BugBog”

Question 13

Terrible Triad of the Elbow

Answer 13

CoRaCo

Coronoid process fracture (ulna)
Radial head fracture
Collateral ligament tear (LCL > MCL)

Question 14

Miller Fisher Disease

A variant of GBS

Answer 14

AOA

Ataxia
Opthalmoplegia
Areflexia

“Fishing? Oooh, AAhhhh”

Question 15

Tetralogy of Fallot

Other name?

Answer 15

True Blue Baby Syndrome

PARIv

Pulmonary artery stenosis
Aorta overrides to the right
Right ventricular hypertrophy (Cor Pulmonale)
Interventricular septal defect

Question 16

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 16

BRRP

Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Resting tremor
Postural instability

Question 17

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 17

BES

Bronchial mucous gland abnormalities
Exocrine pancreas abnormalities
Sweat gland abnormalities

“CYST-ers? BES!”

Question 18

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Triad

Answer 18

SMAr(T)

Sensory Loss
Motor Loss
Areflexia

“S-harcot MAr-ie Tooth”

Question 19

Wernicke’s Syndrome

Other name? Usually seen in who? It is caused by what?

Answer 19

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

ADO

Ataxia
Dementia
Opthalmoplegia

“Wernicke? Wern-ADO? Here na!”

Wernicke’s syndrome is difference from Wernicke’s aphasia. It is seen in alcoholics following Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency

Question 20

Reiter’s Syndrome

Answer 20

ACU

Arthritis
Conjunctivitis
Urethritis (noninfectious)

Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

Question 21

Tetrad of Adrenal Insufficiency

Answer 21

Acidosis
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia

Sour not salty, tired, but OK

Question 22

Trimalleolar fracture

Answer 22

Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
Posterior rim of the tibia