Clinical Topic 8: Haematology Flashcards
Coeliacs gives what classic anaemic picture?
Microcytic, hypochromic anaemia
What is the most common inherited clotting disorder?
Von Willebrand Disease
What is the inheritance pattern of Haemophilia? Which is the most common?
X-linked Reccessive
- Boys = symptomatic
- Girls = carriers
Most common: Haemophillia A
Haemophillia A and B are affected by what clotting factors?
A - 8
B - 9
What is the inheritance pattern of von Willebrand Disease?
Autosomal Dominant
What are the blood test results for Haemophillia:
Bleeding time?
Prothrombin time?
APTT?
Bleeding time: Normal
Prothrombin time: Normal
APTT: Prolonged
Prothrombin time reflects what pathway in haemostasis? What about APTT?
Prothrombin time: Intrinsic pathway
APTT: Extrinsic pathway
How is Von Willebrand Disease different symptomatically from Haemophillia?
Von Willebrand: Bleeding into mucosa
Haemophillia: Beeding into joints
Treatment for Haemophillia?
Injection of missing factor
Ages of presentation:
ALL and AML?
ALL - Young children
AML - Any age, but typically older
Philadelphia Chromosome / BCR-ABL is associated with acute leukaemia?
ALL
Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia is a subtype of what Leukaemia?
AML
What blood cancer causes Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?
APL
What is found on a blood smear for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?
Big nuclei
Scanty cytoplasm
Auer rods
What is found on a blood smear for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
Small nuclei
Coarse chromatin
Glycogen granules
What may be seen on a FBC in patients with Leukaemia? What symptoms do these lead to?
What other symptoms might there be?
Anaemia - fatigue / tiredness
Thrombocytopenia - easy bruising
Leukopenia - infections
Other: Bone pain, hepatosplenomegaly
CD10 is associated with what blood cancer?
B Lymphocyte ALL
1/3rd of MDS cases can develop into what condition?
AML
Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemia typically affects what cell types? Chromic Myeloid Leukaemia typically affects what cell types?
CLL - B lymphocytes
CML - Granulocytes
What is the most common mutation associated with CML?
Philadelphia chromosome, Bcr-Abl
What is the treatment for CML?
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, i.e. Gleevac / Imatinib
What is found on a blood smear for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?
Increased granulocytes
Increased monocytes
What is found on a blood smear for Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
Smudge cells
What is Polycythaemia Vera? What mutation is it commonly associated with?
Proliferation of marrow stem cells, leading to increased red blood cells
JAK2 mutation
What are the classic symptoms of Polycythaemia Vera?
- Itchiness after hot bath
- Splenomegaly
- Red flushed appearance
What are the treatments for Polycythaemia Vera?
- Phlebotomy
- Low dose Aspirin
