Clinical Topic 6: Dyspepsia and Indigestion Flashcards
What is Biliary Atresia?
What is it caused by?
How is it treated?
Condition affecting 2-8 week old newborns, whereby there is obstruction / absence of bile ducts
Can be congenital (CFC1 gene mutation) or acquired (viral or teratogens)
Treated by Kasai Surgical procedure and Liver transplant
What are the two main causes of Pancreatitis?
Alcohol and gallstones
What enzyme converts Trypsin to Trypsinogen?
Enteropeptidase
What is a Pancreatic Pseudocyst? What are complications of Pseudocysts
Complication of pancreatitis
A pseudocyst is comprised of enzymes, blood, necrotic tissue, formed from liquefactive haemorrhagic necrosis. They can become infected by E. coli and form an abscess.
What is a common electrolyte abnormality found in Pancreatitis? Why?
Hypocalcaemia
Fat necrosis causes release of fatty acids, which bind to calcium and precipitating it out
What is the best imaging technique for Pseudocysts?
CT of abdomen
Which biochemical marker is more specific to Pancreatitis? Lipase or Amylase?
Lipase
What is the tool used to assess acute pancreatitis? Is it used for specific causes of pancreatitis? What is assessed?
Glasgow Tool (only used for gallstone and alcohol induced Pancreatitis)
P - PaO2 A - Age N - Neutrophils C - Calcium R - Renal Function E - Enzymes A - Albumin S - Sugar
When is Amylase or Lipase diagnostic of Pancreatitis?
When it rises more than three fold the upper limit of normal
How often are tests done in a patient with pancreatitis in order to monitor them?
On admission, 24 hours and 48 hours
What is the function of somatostatin in relation to the pancreas?
It suppresses the release of pancreatic hormones and the exocrine function of the pancreas
What is the main cause of Chronic Pancreatitis in children?
Cystic Fibrosis
