Clinical Therapeutics Flashcards
What is the Mechanism of Action of Aspirin
What is it used for
Side Effects
COX inhibitor, which impairs transformation of arachidonic acid which decreases prostaglandins, decreases thromboxane A2 and finally DECREASES PLATELET AGGREGATION (Irreversible!)
Used for Analgesia, Prophylaxis for AMI/TIA/CVA, Acute Coronary Syndrome
SE: Dyspepsia, GI Bleed, Reye’s Syndrome (kids with viral infection), Ringing of ears (SNHL), Bronchospasms in asthma
What is the Mechanism of Action of Clopidogrel
What is it used for
Side Effects
Irreversible Platelet Binding
Used for Cardiac Stents, TIA
SE: Brusing/Bleeding, TTP
What is the Mechanism of Action of Warfarin
What is it used for
What are things to be careful with use of Warfarin
Side Effects
Inhibits Vitamin K, which is needed for clotting cascade (Factors 2, 7, 9 and 10, Protein C and S)
Used to prevent and treat Thrombosis, Embolisms (DVT, A.Fib)
Need to measure INR (INR>10 leads to non-life threatening hemorrhage)
Reversible with administration of IV Vitamin K plus FFP
Careful with use with Antibiotics, as many interfere
SE: Bleeding/Hemorrhage, Purple Toe Syndrome, Skin Necrosis, Teratogenic
What is the Mechanism of Action of Unfractionated Heparin
What is it used for
What are things to be careful with use of UF
Side Effects
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitor
Need to monitor platelets, aPTT
Reversible by lowering dose or stopping Heparin
If need fast reversal give Protamine
Used for DVT prophylaxis, Systemic Anticoagulation
SE: Bleeding/Hemorrhage, Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
What are examples of Low Molecular Weight Heparin
What is the Mechanism of Action of Low Molecular Weight Heparin
What is it used for
What are things to be careful with use of LMWH
Side Effects
Enoxaparin, Dalteparin
Inactivates Factor 10
No need to measure PT/PTT
If need fast reversible give Protamine
Used for DVT Prophylaxis and DVT/PE treatment, Acute Coronary Syndrome
SE: Pain at injection site, Hemorrhage (less so than with Heparin), Thrombocytopenia (less so than with Heparin)
Enoxaparin is Category B in pregnancy - so ok to use!
What are examples of HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors
What is the MOA
What is it used for
What are side Effects
STATINS! Atorvastatin, Simvastatin
Inhibit HMG-COA Reducate which in turn leads to DECREASED SERUM LDL
Used for High LDL (usually >190), pts at risk like DM, AMI
SE: Myalgias that can lead to Myopathy, Hepatotoxicity, Increased blood glucose
CATEGORY X IN PREGNANCY
What are examples of Fibrates
What is the MOA
What is it used for
What are side Effects
Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate
Used for high Triglycerides
SE: Hepatotoxicity, Myopathy
What are examples of Niacin
What is the MOA
What is it used for
What are side Effects
Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide
Used to lower LDL, increases HDL, lowers TRG
SE: Flushing, Hepatotoxic,
What are important interactions to watch for with Anti-Arrhythmics
Avoid other QT prolongators like Macrolides
Metabolized by CYP3A4 or 2D6
Careful with drugs that cause hyopkalemia/hypomagnesemia
What are important side effects with Anti-Arrhythmics
QT Prolongation
Careful use in patients with bradycardia and heart blocks
What are Class I Anti-Arrhythmics
What do they do
Modulate or Block Sodium Channels
Quinidine, Procainamide, Lidocaine, Propafenone
What are Class II Anti-Arrhythmics
What do they do
Inhibit Sympathetic Activity
Beta-Blockers
What are Class III Anti-Arrhythmics
What do they do
Side Effects
Block Potassium Channels
Amiodarone
Side Effects: Bradycardia, AV Nodal Block, Thyroid Toxicity, Photosensitivity
What are Class IV Anti-Arrhythmics
What do they do
Side Effects
Block Calcium Channels
Verapamil, Diltiazem
SE: Hypotension, Bradycardia, Negative Ionotrope, Peripheral Edema, Headache, Constipation
What is Amiodarone used for
Life-Threatening Arrhythmias
Atrial Fibrilliation
Careful with use with other QT prolongating drugs
What id Diltiazem and Verapamil used for
Non-Dihydropyridine CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Used for SVT, A.Fib, HTN (especially in AA)
What is Digoxin
Side Effects
Rate Control in A.Fib
Used for Heart Failure Sx
SE: Rhythm distrubances (PVC), Yellow/Green or blurred vision
How do Loop Diuretics Work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Furosemide
Interferes with Na/K exchange in ASCENDING Loop of Henle by inhibiting Na/K-ATPase
Used for Heart Failure or Acute Hypercalcemia
Caution with Hypotension or other anti-HTN, Digoxin and Lithium Toxicity
SE: Hypokaelmia, Orthostatic Hypotension, Glucose Intolerance, Hyperuricemia
How do Thiazides work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Hydrochlorothiazide
Interferes with Na/K exchange in DISTAL Convoluted Tube by inhibiting Na/K-ATPase
Used for Essential HTN
Caution with Hypotension or other anti-HTN, Digoxin and Lithium Toxicity
SE: Hypokaelmia, Orthostatic Hypotension, Glucose Intolerance, Hyperuricemia
How do Potassium Sparing Diuretics work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Amiloride
Used for Mineralcorticoid Excess (Primary Aldosteronism), HF, Hepatic Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome
Careful with use with drugs that retain Potassium like ACE/ARB
SE: Hyperkalemia, Teratogenic, Painful Gynecomastia, Decreased Libido
How do ACE-Inhibitors work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Lisinopril, Enalapril
Vasodilates efferent nodules, which decreases glomerular pressure
Used for HTN, Systolic HF, DM and Chronic Kidney Disease
Careful with other meds that retain Potassium
SE: Cough, Hyperkaelmia, Angioedema, Birth Defects
DONT USE IN PREGNANCY
How do Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Losartan, Valsartan
Used for HTN, Systolic HF, DM, and Chronic Kidney Disease
Careful with other meds that retain Potassium
SE: NO COUGH, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, Birth Defects
How do Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers Work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin
Selective Alpha1 Blockers which leads to decreased arterial pressure by vasodilation
Used in HTN, BPH
Careful with hypotension and other vasodilating agents (nitrates)
SE: Postural Hypotension (titrate the drug), Sedation/Fatigue, Nasal Congestion
How do Beta-Blockers Work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Competitive Inhibitors of Catecholamines at Beta-Receptors
Non-Beta1 Selective: Propranolol (can cause bronchospasms so careful with use in asthma, COPD)
Beta1-Selective: Metoprolol, Atenolol
Beta and Alpha Blockers: Cavedilol
Used for HTN, Angina, AMI, HF, A.Fib
Careful with use with CCB (additive effect)
SE: Bradycardia, Bronchospasms, Erectile Dysfunction, Exercise Intolerance
How do Calcium Channel Blockers Work What is an example What are they used for Caution with SE
Nifedipine, Amlodipine
Inhibit L-Type Calcium Channel which leads to Vasodilation
Used in HTN, Angina, Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Careful with hypotension and other anti-hypertensives and vasodilators
SE: Headache, Dizziness, Peripheral Edema
GINGIVAL HYPERPALSIA WITH NIFEDIPINE
What are examples of Short Acting Beta2-Agonists, how do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Albuterol, Levalbuterol
Used for asthma and COPD, they bronchodilate
SE: Tachycardia, Palpitations, Tremor
What are examples of Long Acting Beta2-Agonists, how do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Salmeterol, Formoterol
Maintenance meds for Asthma and COPD, they bronchodilate
Contraindicated as solo therapy in asthma
SE: Tachycardia, Palpitations, Tremor
What are examples of Short Acting Inhaled Anticholinergics and how do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Ipratropium (-ium drugs)
Used for COPD
SE: Dry mouth, Pharyngeal Irritation, urinary retenion, Increased Intraocular Pressure
Caution use in patients with Glaucoma and BPH
What are examples of Long Acting Inhaled Anticholinergics
What are they used for
Side Effects
Tiotropium (Spiriva), Aclindinium
Used for Bronchospasms associated with COPD
SE: Dry mouth, Pharyngeal Irritation, urinary retenion, Increased Intraocular Pressure
Caution use in patients with Glaucoma and BPH
What are examples of Inhaled Corticosteroids, how do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Fluticasone, Budesonide
1st line for persistent asthma
SE: Dyphonia, Thrush, Growth deceleration in kids
What are examples of Leukotriene Modifiers, how do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Zilueton, Montelukast
Used as adjunct or alternative to ICS in persistent asthma
SE: Neuropsychiatric effects with Montelukast (insomnia, agitation, anxiety, depression)
What is an example of Methylxanithines
What are they used for
Side Effects
Theophylline
Used for asthma and COPD but less so because of SE
SE: Many CYP interactions, Need to monitor levels
What is Acetaminophen
What is it used for
Side Effects
Analgesia, Antipyresis, Mild-to-moderate Pain
SE: Well Tolerated, Hepatotoxicity
What are examples of NSAIDS
What are they used for
Side Effects
ASA, Ibuprofen and Naproxen, Piroxicam and Meloxicam, Indomethacin, Diclofenac, Ketorolac
They inhibit COX1 and COX2 (depending which one you use)
COX1: Housekeeping enzyme, expressed in most tissues, regulates normal cell processes
COX2: Inflammation Enzyme, expressed during times of inflammation
Used for Analgesia, Antipyretic, Anti-Inflammatory
Caution use with CVD, Chronic Kidney Disease, Asthma, PUD, Pregnancy
It interferes with antiplatelet effect of ASA, so stop all NSAIDS in AMI patients (except ASA)
SE: Dyspepsia, Gastritis, Ulcers, Nephrotoxic
What are examples of Opioids
What are they used for
Side Effects
Mild-to Moderate: Codeine, Hydrocodone, Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
Strong: Morphine, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone, Methadone, Fentanyl, Meperidine
Agonist for Mu receptor which modulates analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and physical dependency properties
Used for analgesia, cough (codeine), diarrhea (loperamide)
Reversable with Naloxone
SE: Euphoria, Sedation, Respiratory Depression, Miosis, Constipation, Urinary Retention, Flushing, “allergy”
What is Allopurinol
What is it used for
Side Effects
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Used for Gout
Titrate low and slow
SE: Paradoxical gout Flare, Simple Rash, SJS/TEN
What are examples of DMARDS
Methotrexate, Hydroxychloroquine, Infliximab, Etanercept (these last 2 are TNF inhibitors)
What is Methotrexate used for
Side Effects
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SE: Myelosuppresion, Liver and Lung Inflammation which can lead to fibrosis, Teratogenic and Abortifacient
What is Hydroxychloroquine used for
Side Effects
RA
SE: Irreversible Retinopathy, Hemolysis with G6PD deficiency
What are TNF Inhibitors
How doe they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Infliximab, Etancercept
Tumor Necrosis Factor is a pro-inflammatory Cytokine, it binds TNF and blocks its activity
Used for Moderate to Severe RA, Psoriatic Arthritis, IBD
Monitor TST and CXR before treatment, appropriate vaccinations and cancer screening
SE: Injection site pain, increased risk of infection and mlaignancy
What are examples of H2-Receptor Antagonists
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Cimetidine and Ranitidine
Famotidine and Nizatidine
Inhibit gastric secretions by blocking Histamine Receptors on Parietal Cells
Used for Dyspepsia, GERD, PUD
Careful as these interact with iron absorption, digoxin, they need an acidic environment to be absorbed
SE: Acid Rebound, Confusion, Dementia, Drug Fever, Erectile Dysfunction, Gynecomastia
What is an example of a Proton Pump Inhibitor
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Omeprazole, Iansoprazole
Inhibits parietal cell H/K ATP pump
Should be administered 30-60 minutes before a meal
Used for GERD, PUD, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, H.Pylori Infection
SE: Anemia, Fractures, C.Diff Infections
What are 4 neurotransmiiter receptor sites important for vomiting reflex
M1 (Muscarinic): Inner Ear
H1 (Histamine): Inner Ear
D2 (Dopamine): Systemic
5-HT (Serotonin): Systemic
What are examples of M1 Receptor Antagonists
What are they used for
Side Effects
Scopolamine
Prophylaxis for motion sickness, patch behind ear
SE: Anticholinergic: Xerostomia, Sedation, Dilated Pupils
What are examples of H1 Receptor Antagonists
What are they used for
Side Effects
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Used for Motion Sickness
Meclizine (Antivert)
Used for Vertigo Management
SE: Anticholinergic: Xerostomia, Sedation, Dilated Pupuils
What are examples of H1 AND D2 Receptor Antagonists
What are they used for
Side Effects
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Used for Antiemetic, Pain Management Adjunct (migraines)
May interact with Levodopa, QT Prolongation Meds
SE: Extrapyramidal Symtpoms, Cardiac Conduction
What are examples of D2 Receptor Antagonists
What are they used for
Side Effects
Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Used for Antiemetic, Pain Management Adjunct
SE: Extrapyramidal Sx, Cardiac Conduction
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Used to prevent and tx Chemo induced emesis, Post-Op N/V
SE: Acute Dystonia, Black Box Warning
What are examples of 5-HT Receptor Antagonists
What are they used for
Side Effects
Ondansetron, Dolasetron
Used to prevent chemo induced emesis, Nausea related to irradiation, Post-Op N/V
Careful with use with QT drugs
SE: Headaches, QT Prolongation
What is an example of an Intranasal Steroid
What is it used for
Side Effects
Fluticasone, Mometasone
Used for allergic rhinitis
SE: Epistaxis, Stinging/Burning, Nasal Dryness
What are examples of Antihistamines
What are they used for
Side Effects
Diphenhydramine
Used for Allergic Rhinitis
SE: Anticholinergic Effects (Xerostomia (dry mouth), Sedation)
Fexofenadine, Loratadine, Cetirizine
Used for Allergic Rhinitis
SE: Headache, Sedation
What is a GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
What is ti used for
Side Effects
Exenatide (Byetta)
SQ Injection of synthetic exendin-4 analog of incretin hormone GLP-1
SE: Weight loss, Nausea, Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
What is a DDP-4 Inhibitor
What is it used for
Side Effects
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
DDP-4 is an enyzme that degrades incretin hormones, so taking this will leave incretin hormone around longer
SE: Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
What is a SGLT2 Inhibitor
What is it used for
Side Effects
Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin
Increases urinary glucose excretion
SE: Diuretic effect, increased GU infections (bacterial UTI, Candida), Euglycemic DKA
What is a Biguanide
How does it work
What it is used for
Side Effects
Metformin
Decreases hepatic glucose production, it needs insulin to work
Used for DM2
Don’t give in renal or liver failure
SE: Metallic taste, N/V/D, No weight gain, Lactic Acidosis
What is Sulfonylureas
How does it work
What is it used for
Side Effects
Tolazamide, Chlorpopamide, Glimepiride, Glipizide
Binds ATP-Dependent Potassium channels in pancreatic Beta-Cells, which stimulates insulin secretion
Used for DM2
SE: Weight gain, Hypoglycemia
What is Thiazolidinediones
How does it work
What is it used for
Side Effects
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
Increases insulin sensitivity by acting on adipose and muscle and liver to increase glucose use and decrease glucose production, it needs insulin to work
SE: Fluid Retention, Weight Gain, Contraindicated in HF NYHA III or IV, Increased risk of AMI, Bladder CA
How does Levothyroxine work
What is it used for
Side Effects
Active compound is T3
Used for Congenital or Acquired Hypothyroidism
Resolution of sx is about 2-3 weeks after starting drug
Need to monitor TSH and T3/T4 every week, then 4-6 weeks after dose adjustments, then every 6-12 months
SE: Cardiac arrhythmias, Angina, AMI, Decreased bone mineral density
What is Propylthiouriacil and Methimazole
What it is used for
Side Effects
Palliative treatment of hyperthyroidism as adjunct to ameliorate hyperthyroidism in preparation for surgery or RAI therapy
SE: ANCA-Positive vasculitis with acute kidney injury, arthritis, skin ulcerations, vasculitic rash, agranulocytosis
Methimazole is Teratogenic, so use PTU instead in pregnancy
What are examples of Bisphosphonates
How doe they work
Side Effects
Alendronate, Risedronate
Drug binds bone, osteoclasts resorb bone with drug, promote apoptosis, leads to reduced bone resporption
Used to prevent and treat osteoporosis, Hypercalcemia
SE: Esophagitis, Esophageal Ulcer, Ostenecrosis of Jaw, Atypical Femur Fractures
What are examples of Corticosteroids
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Prednisone, Methylpredinisolone
SE: Topicals may cause skin atrophy
Systmics may cause Fat redristribution, Cataracts, Osteoporosis, Poor Wound Healing, Growth Suppression
What are examples of Incontinence Drugs
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Tolterodine: M2 and M3 selective antagonists
Oxybutynin: M3 selective antagonists
Darifenacin: M3 selective antagonists
By Antagonizing the Muscarinic receptors, they increased bladder capacity, Decrease uninhibited contractions and delay desire to void, resulting in decreased IVS
Used for overactive bladder and Urge Incontinence
SE: Anti-Cholinergic Effects (Xerostomia)
What are examples of BPH Drugs
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Alpha1-Adrenoreceptors
- These are found in prostate and bladder neck
- Stimulation leads to contraction, so antagonists relax them
Alpha-1B Adrenoreceptors
- Found in peripheral vasculature
- Stimulation leads to contraction, so antagonists lead to orthostasis and syncope
What is Tamsulosin
What is it used for
Side Effects
Uroselective Alpha1-Antagonists
Antagonism leads to relaxation of smooth muscles of prostate and bladder neck without blocking vascular receptors
SE: Retrograde Ejaculation
What are examples of PDE-5 Inhibitors
What are they used for
Side Effects
Sildenafil, Verdenafil, Avanafil, Tadalafil
Used for Erectile Dysfunction and Pulmonary Arterial HTN
Nitric Oxide leads to increased in cGMP, which leads to smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood, so PDE-4 Inhibitors degrade cGMP
SE: Priapism, Headache and Facial Flushing
What are drugs used for Migraines
How do they work
Side Effects
Sumitriptan, Zolmitriptan, Rizatriptan
Selective agonist for serotinin receptors in cranial arteries that lead to vasoconstriction
Avoid using other vasoconstrictors
SE: AMI with vascular patients
What are drugs used for Alzheimer’s
How do they work
Side Effects
Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Well Tolerated
What are drugs for Parkinson’s Disease
How do they work
Side Effects
1st line is Levodopa PLUS Carbidopa
Dopamine Agonists
-After 5 years of use with, response is erratic and marked by motor fluctations
2nd line is Anticholinergics (Trihexyphenidyl), Selective MOA-B Inhibitors (Selegiline, Rasagiline), MNDA Antagonists (Amantidine)
Side Effects: N/V, Anorexia, Orthostatic Hypotension, Vivid Dreams, Hallucinations, Delusions, Confusion, Sleep Disturbances
What is Phenytoin Used for
Side Effects
Prevention of seizures following head trauma/Neurosurgery
CYP inducer so careful with other drugs
SE: Gingival Hypertrophy, Teratogenic, Nystagmus
What is Carbamazepine used for
Side Effects
Biopolar and Chronic Pain Syndromes (Trigeminal Neuralgia)
CYP Inducer so careful with other drugs
SE: Bone marrow suppression, Rash may range from subtle to SJS, Teratogenic
What is Valproic Acid Used for
Side Effects
Mania associated with Bioplar
Migraine Prophylaxis
SE: Hepatotoxicity, Hepatic Failure, Teratogenic
What is Gabapentin used for
Side Effects
Restless Leg Syndrome
Postherpetic Neuralgia
SE: Sedation
What is Lamotrigine used for
Side Effects
Maintenance drug for Bioplar
SE: Rash that ranges from subtle to SJS
What is Topiramate used for
Side Effects
Migraine Prophylaxis
Chronic Weight Management
SE: Weight loss, Reversible memory or concentration difficulties
What are drugs that are SSRI’s
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram/Escitalopram
Block presynpatic serotonin reuptake pump which increases the amount of synaptic serotonin
Used for Major Depressive Disorder, OCD, Panic Disorder, Bulimia, PMDD, Seasonal Affective Disorder, PTSD, GAD, Social Anxiety Disorder
SE: Delayed Ejaculation, Decreased Libido, Long QT Syndrome, Suicdal Ideation
Taper off when removing SSRI’s as they may cause N/V/D, headache, agitation, anxiety, anorexia
Serotonin Syndrome: Agitation, altered mental status, fever, resting tremor, myoclonic jerks, hyperreflexia, ataxia
What are examples of SNRIs
Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
Similar to SSRI’s
What are examples of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Amitrtriptyline, Nortriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Doxepin
Used for Major Depressive Disorder that are intolerante to SSRIs, Migraine Prophylaxis
SE: Anti-Cholinergic effects, Quinidine-like Cardiac Effects, Taper off to avoid discontinuation syndrome
What are examples of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid
Careful with Tyramine rich foods as can lead to HTN crisis
SE: Dizziness, Orthostatic Hypotension, Xerostomia, Nausea, Headache
What are examples of Benzodiazepines
How do they work
What are they used for
Side Effects
All end in -am
For insomnia -Estazolam, Flurazepam For Anxiety -Alprazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam For Seizures -Lorazepam, Diazepam For Anesthesia -Midazolam
Potentiates Inhibitory Neurotransmitter (GABA)
Can be reversed with Flumazenil
CNS depressant so careful with other drugs
SE: Sedation, dizziness, withdrawal sx
What are Nonbenzodiazepine Benzodizaepine Receptor Agonists
Side Effects
Zolpidem, Zaleplon
Can lead to CNS depression
Side Effects: Warning for complex sleep-related behavior and severe allergic reactions
What is the main treatment for Bipolar
Side Effects
Lithium
Need to monitor levels
Careful with ACE-I/ARBs, NSAIDS, as they increase Lithium levels
Side Effects: Severe tremor, Hypothyroidism (monitor thyroid function tests), Polyuria, Polydipsia, Weight Gain
What are 1st generation Antipsychotics What are 2nd generation Antipsychotics How do they work What are they used for Side Effects
1st Gen: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine
2nd Gen: Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Clozapine, Ziprasidone, Aripiprazole
Used for Schizophrenia, Bioplar, Depression adjunct
SE: 1st Gen have Extrapyramidal Sx (Dystonia, Akathisia, Parkinsonism), Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, QT Prolongation, Increased Prolactin
2nd Gen have weight gain, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia
What is Isotretinoin
What is it used for
How does it work
Side Effects
Oral vitamin A Analogue, decreases sebaceous Gland activity
Used for Acne
Causes severe teratogenic effects, so much have 2 forms of contraception in women, monitor labs, need to be on registry
Careful with Alcohol use and Tetracycline (increased risk of pseudotumor cerebri)
SE: Pseudotumor Cerebri, Teratogenic, Alopecia, Hepatitis, Photosensitivity, Psychosis, Suicidal Ideation
