Clinical Studies

Question 0

What was the question that Goldstein’s study looked at?

Answer 0

Whether schizophrenic women have a less severe experience than schizophrenic men

Question 1

What type of data did Goldstein draw on?

Answer 1

Secondary data

Question 2

What was the aims of Goldstein’s study?

Answer 2

•To see if there are gender differences with regard to re-hospitalisation of people with schizophrenia and to the lengths of the hospital stays.
•To look at social factors, mainly factors present before diagnosis to see if they had impact on the course of the disorder regard to gender.
•

Question 3

Why did Goldstein aim to look at DSM-II and DSM-III diagnosis?

Answer 3

To see if there were differences and to test the DSM for validity and reliability.

Question 4

What was the age range for the sample in Goldstein’s study?

Answer 4

18-45

Question 5

What did Goldstein’s study look at?

Answer 5

Gender differences in schizophrenic patients diagnosed using the DSM-III.

Question 6

What did Gottesman and Shields aim to do?

Answer 6

To study twins where at least 1 had schizophrenia. To see whether schizophrenia had a genetic basis. Replicate other studies.

Question 7

What is the diathesis-stress model in Gottesman and Shields?

Answer 7

Behaviour comes partly from genetic predisposition and partly from environmental triggers.

Question 8

What percentage of DZ twins were both diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Answer 8

9%

Question 9

What percentage of MZ twins were both diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Answer 9

42%

Question 10

How did Gottesman and Shields assess zygocity?

Answer 10

Blood tests
Fingerprint analysis
Assessment of resemblance between the twins

Question 11

Why was the design simple in Rosenhan’s study?

Answer 11

Pseudo patients just had to be themselves.
Unlikely that any treatment of them was due to their behaviour being similar to someone with a mental illness.
The fact that real patients question them back this observation and suggests behaviour validly normal.

Question 12

Why would patients rediagnosed in Goldstein’s study?

Answer 12

To see if the schizophrenia diagnosis remain the same

Question 13

What else did Goldstein aim to look at as well as gender differences?

Answer 13

Look at other factors affecting the course of schizophrenia including subtypes of illness, premorbid history and social functioning

Question 14

Why was it good that secondary data was used in Goldstein’s study?

Answer 14

Because the data was already available and factual (LOS+ No. of rh) The data more objective, less time consuming and cheaper

Question 15

How many patients did Goldstein rediagnose?

Answer 15

90

Question 16

Why does Gottesman and Shields address the criticisms of previous studies?

Answer 16

Detailed sampling carefully so was understood which twins were used and why
Much detail about diagnosis (whether of schizophrenia/other psychoses)

Question 17

The study Gottesman and Shields suggests some genetic link but what does it fail to do?

Answer 17

Failed to give any more detail about explanations for schizophrenia/whether there are different types.
It’s descriptive rather than explanatory.
Reasons for developing schizophrenia not clear.
Doesn’t readily distinguish between reasons for schizophrenia.