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BDS3 Anatomy > Clinical Relevance > Flashcards

Clinical Relevance Flashcards

1
Q

Psudobupbar Paulsy

A

Upper motor lesion that does not cause complete paralysis on the ipsilateral side as there is back up contra lateral control (every cranial nerve except lower facial nucleus and hypoglossal)

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2
Q

Two types of emergency airways

A

Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy

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3
Q

Lymph node enlargement indications of where infection is

A

Mental notes - lower lip, incisal tooth area and anterior tongue

Parotid nodes - side of face

Posterior auricular nodes - ear infection

Submandibular nodes - oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, superficial features of face

Many nodes - systemic, maybe malignancy

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4
Q

TMJ Dislocation

A

Anterior - in depression, over articulate tubercle

Posterior - unlikely as intrinsic lateral ligament and postglenoid tubercle

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5
Q

Temporalis

A
  • lift and retract mandible (inferior posterior fibres)
  • insert = Coronoid and anterior ramus
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6
Q

Masseter

A

Origin - maxilliary part of zygomatic arch (deep head) and anterior 2/3 border of zygomatic arch (superficial head)

Inset - angle and lateral surface of mandible (superficial head)

Action - elevates

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7
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Deep head
- origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
- insert - medial angle of mandible and ramus

Superficial head
Origin - maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insert - medial angle of mandible and ramus

Action - elevation and lateral movement

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8
Q

Trismus?

A

Cant open mouth wide as muscle seized if pierced by needle

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9
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Upper head
Origin - infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Insert - capsule of TMJ and articulate disk)

Superficial head
Origin - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insert - same

Action - protrude mandible, assists medial pterygoid with lateral movement and depresses mandible

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10
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

If infection in the mouth spreads bellow mylohyoid line into floor of mouth and neck

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11
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the angle of the mandible

A

Great auricular nerve

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12
Q

Oral mucosa epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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13
Q

Nasopharynx and nasal cavity epithelium

A

Psudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells

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14
Q

Oropharynx epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

Laryngopharynx epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Larynx epithelium

A

Psudostratified columnar with goblet cells

Also transitional area of stratified columnar

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17
Q

What structures in the head and neck has stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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18
Q

What structures of the neck have Psudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

A

Respiratory epithelium - Nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx

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19
Q

Deviated septum

A

Birth defect or commonly injury
- harder to nose breath and snoring caused

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20
Q

Types of deafness

A

Conductive
- caused by chronic otis medial damaging ossicles

Neural
- issue with cochlea or Cochlea nerve

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21
Q

Process off of ethmoidal second concha

A

Ucinate process

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22
Q

Post ganglionic fibres of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic - vasomotor (vasoconstriction)

Parasympathetic - secretomotor

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23
Q

Why are nose bleeds so common

A

Due to anastomosing of so many vessels

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24
Q

Two outcomes of thrombosis in the cavernous sinus

A
  1. Bacterial infection
  2. Due to bacteria can cause a clot that goes upward
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25
Why is there referred pain from the teeth to the maxillary sinus?
As they are both supplied by the superior alveolar nerve
26
What is the white matter in the brain before the internal capsule called
Corona radata
27
What is the type of paulsy when have bilateral control and an upper lesion effecting one side of the brain
Psudobupbar paulsy
28
Amaurosis fugax
Central retinal artery occluded due to transient causes - painless temporary loss of vision in effected eye
29
Papilloedema
Raised intracranial pressure transmitted along meninges and subarachnoid space of optic nerve - slowing drainage of central retinal vein = swelling of disk of eye
30
Bitemporal hemianopia
Tunnel vision - loose lateral view on both sides by optic chiasm issue
31
Glaucoma
Caused by build up of pressure in eye of humour fluid
32
Circle of Willis
Brain blood supply
33
Epithelium of the ear
Statified squamous - ceruminous glands (modified sweat glands) secrete ear wax
34
What is used to inspect the ear
Otoscope
35
Muscles of the ear
To protect ear from sound Tensor tympani - attaches to handle of medius and pulls medially - tenses tympani membrane resisting vibrations - innervation - facial nerve Stapedius - attaches to stapes to reduce amplitude of vibrations - innervation - mandibular division of trigeminal
36
Action of the ossicles
Increase force and decrease amplitude of noised captured by tympanic membrane
37
How is there a risk of cranial infection from an ear infection
As the roof of the middle ear is very thin and the internal carotid and internal jugular are in close proximity to this wall so if infection passes this bone then it can have systemic effect
38
Mastoiditis
Infection of ear spreads to mastoid air cells
39
What is glue ear another name for
Serous ottic media
40
What is the fluid within the optic capsule
Endolymph
41
What does damage to the vestibular nerve do?
Vertigo, nausea or ataxia
42
Cricothyrotomy
Large bore needle
43
Pair of cartilages behind cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid
44
Remember aryepiglotic fold and what is name of paired cartilages of larynx
Arytenoid
45
Other two pairs of cartilages of larynx that create nodules can see under mucosa
1. Cuneiform 2. Triticeal cartilage
46
Name of gap between vocal folds
Roma glottidis
47
What muscle opens the rims glottidis
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
48
Closure of rims glottidis
Transverse aretanoid muscle Lateral cricoaretynoid muscle
49
What (tensor) muscles stretch the vocal folds to make higher pitched sounds
Cricothyroid muscles - pulls thyroid cartilage
50
What (relaxer) muscle causes less tension on the vocal folds for a lower pitched sound
Thyro-arytenoid muscles - as pulls Arytenoids anterior
51
Rope of the different muscles of the larynx for swallowing
1. Oblique arytenoids - aryepiglotic folds brought together 2. Extrinsic muscles - elevate larynx (closes laryngeal inlet)
52
Innervation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Recurrent laryngeal (except cricothyroid - EXTERNAL superior laryngeal nerve directly)
53
Sensory innervation of larynx
Above vocal folds = internal laryngeal nerve. Bellow - recurrent laryngeal
54
What fossa does the pituitary gland sit in
Hypophyseal
55
What are the marks on the clavaria made by granulations called
Granular foveolae
56
5 buttresses of the skull
Masticatory plates Occipital buttress Zygomatic arch laeteral orbital margin buttress Frontal buttress Frontosagittal buttress
57
Arachnoid layer links to pia matter
Arachnoid trabeculae
58
What area of the brain produces CSF
Choroid plexus by choroidal epithelial cells
59
Issue with bro as area or wernicks area is called an..
Broca aphasia Wernicks aphasia
60
What areas of the brain does Parkinson’s disease effect
Motor - nucleuses of internal capsule
61
Name of pituitary stalk
Infundibulum
62
Disease caused by pituitary gland
Acromegaly - over production of growth hormone
63
Different strokes
Anterior - can’t identify objects visually and leg effected Middle - face and arm, speech Posterior - Visual, memory, eye sight (macular sparing)
64
Name of honey prominence that keeps TMJ from dislocating anterior
Articular tubercle
65
What stops a posterior dislocation of the tmj
Postglenoid tubercle

BDS3 Anatomy (1 decks)

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