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BDS3 Anatomy > Clinical Relevance > Flashcards

Clinical Relevance Flashcards

1
Q

Psudobupbar Paulsy

A

Upper motor lesion that does not cause complete paralysis on the ipsilateral side as there is back up contra lateral control (every cranial nerve except lower facial nucleus and hypoglossal)

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2
Q

Two types of emergency airways

A

Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy

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3
Q

Lymph node enlargement indications of where infection is

A

Mental notes - lower lip, incisal tooth area and anterior tongue

Parotid nodes - side of face

Posterior auricular nodes - ear infection

Submandibular nodes - oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, superficial features of face

Many nodes - systemic, maybe malignancy

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4
Q

TMJ Dislocation

A

Anterior - in depression, over articulate tubercle

Posterior - unlikely as intrinsic lateral ligament and postglenoid tubercle

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5
Q

Temporalis

A
  • lift and retract mandible (inferior posterior fibres)
  • insert = Coronoid and anterior ramus
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6
Q

Masseter

A

Origin - maxilliary part of zygomatic arch (deep head) and anterior 2/3 border of zygomatic arch (superficial head)

Inset - angle and lateral surface of mandible (superficial head)

Action - elevates

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7
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Deep head
- origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
- insert - medial angle of mandible and ramus

Superficial head
Origin - maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insert - medial angle of mandible and ramus

Action - elevation and lateral movement

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8
Q

Trismus?

A

Cant open mouth wide as muscle seized if pierced by needle

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9
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Upper head
Origin - infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Insert - capsule of TMJ and articulate disk)

Superficial head
Origin - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insert - same

Action - protrude mandible, assists medial pterygoid with lateral movement and depresses mandible

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10
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

If infection in the mouth spreads bellow mylohyoid line into floor of mouth and neck

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11
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the angle of the mandible

A

Great auricular nerve

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12
Q

Oral mucosa epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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13
Q

Nasopharynx and nasal cavity epithelium

A

Psudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells

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14
Q

Oropharynx epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

Laryngopharynx epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Larynx epithelium

A

Psudostratified columnar with goblet cells

Also transitional area of stratified columnar

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17
Q

What structures in the head and neck has stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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18
Q

What structures of the neck have Psudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

A

Respiratory epithelium - Nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx

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19
Q

Deviated septum

A

Birth defect or commonly injury
- harder to nose breath and snoring caused

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20
Q

Types of deafness

A

Conductive
- caused by chronic otis medial damaging ossicles

Neural
- issue with cochlea or Cochlea nerve

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21
Q

Process off of ethmoidal second concha

A

Ucinate process

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22
Q

Post ganglionic fibres of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic - vasomotor (vasoconstriction)

Parasympathetic - secretomotor

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23
Q

Why are nose bleeds so common

A

Due to anastomosing of so many vessels

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24
Q

Two outcomes of thrombosis in the cavernous sinus

A
  1. Bacterial infection
  2. Due to bacteria can cause a clot that goes upward
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25
Q

Why is there referred pain from the teeth to the maxillary sinus?

A

As they are both supplied by the superior alveolar nerve

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26
Q

What is the white matter in the brain before the internal capsule called

A

Corona radata

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27
Q

What is the type of paulsy when have bilateral control and an upper lesion effecting one side of the brain

A

Psudobupbar paulsy

28
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

Central retinal artery occluded due to transient causes - painless temporary loss of vision in effected eye

29
Q

Papilloedema

A

Raised intracranial pressure transmitted along meninges and subarachnoid space of optic nerve - slowing drainage of central retinal vein = swelling of disk of eye

30
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia

A

Tunnel vision - loose lateral view on both sides by optic chiasm issue

31
Q

Glaucoma

A

Caused by build up of pressure in eye of humour fluid

32
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Brain blood supply

33
Q

Epithelium of the ear

A

Statified squamous
- ceruminous glands (modified sweat glands) secrete ear wax

34
Q

What is used to inspect the ear

A

Otoscope

35
Q

Muscles of the ear

A

To protect ear from sound

Tensor tympani - attaches to handle of medius and pulls medially - tenses tympani membrane resisting vibrations
- innervation - facial nerve

Stapedius - attaches to stapes to reduce amplitude of vibrations
- innervation - mandibular division of trigeminal

36
Q

Action of the ossicles

A

Increase force and decrease amplitude of noised captured by tympanic membrane

37
Q

How is there a risk of cranial infection from an ear infection

A

As the roof of the middle ear is very thin and the internal carotid and internal jugular are in close proximity to this wall so if infection passes this bone then it can have systemic effect

38
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Infection of ear spreads to mastoid air cells

39
Q

What is glue ear another name for

A

Serous ottic media

40
Q

What is the fluid within the optic capsule

A

Endolymph

41
Q

What does damage to the vestibular nerve do?

A

Vertigo, nausea or ataxia

42
Q

Cricothyrotomy

A

Large bore needle

43
Q

Pair of cartilages behind cricoid cartilage

A

Arytenoid

44
Q

Remember aryepiglotic fold and what is name of paired cartilages of larynx

A

Arytenoid

45
Q

Other two pairs of cartilages of larynx that create nodules can see under mucosa

A
  1. Cuneiform
  2. Triticeal cartilage
46
Q

Name of gap between vocal folds

A

Roma glottidis

47
Q

What muscle opens the rims glottidis

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

48
Q

Closure of rims glottidis

A

Transverse aretanoid muscle

Lateral cricoaretynoid muscle

49
Q

What (tensor) muscles stretch the vocal folds to make higher pitched sounds

A

Cricothyroid muscles

  • pulls thyroid cartilage
50
Q

What (relaxer) muscle causes less tension on the vocal folds for a lower pitched sound

A

Thyro-arytenoid muscles

  • as pulls Arytenoids anterior
51
Q

Rope of the different muscles of the larynx for swallowing

A
  1. Oblique arytenoids - aryepiglotic folds brought together
  2. Extrinsic muscles - elevate larynx (closes laryngeal inlet)
52
Q

Innervation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Recurrent laryngeal (except cricothyroid - EXTERNAL superior laryngeal nerve directly)

53
Q

Sensory innervation of larynx

A

Above vocal folds = internal laryngeal nerve.

Bellow - recurrent laryngeal

54
Q

What fossa does the pituitary gland sit in

A

Hypophyseal

55
Q

What are the marks on the clavaria made by granulations called

A

Granular foveolae

56
Q

5 buttresses of the skull

A

Masticatory plates
Occipital buttress
Zygomatic arch laeteral orbital margin buttress
Frontal buttress
Frontosagittal buttress

57
Q

Arachnoid layer links to pia matter

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

58
Q

What area of the brain produces CSF

A

Choroid plexus by choroidal epithelial cells

59
Q

Issue with bro as area or wernicks area is called an..

A

Broca aphasia

Wernicks aphasia

60
Q

What areas of the brain does Parkinson’s disease effect

A

Motor - nucleuses of internal capsule

61
Q

Name of pituitary stalk

A

Infundibulum

62
Q

Disease caused by pituitary gland

A

Acromegaly - over production of growth hormone

63
Q

Different strokes

A

Anterior - can’t identify objects visually and leg effected

Middle - face and arm, speech

Posterior - Visual, memory, eye sight (macular sparing)

64
Q

Name of honey prominence that keeps TMJ from dislocating anterior

A

Articular tubercle

65
Q

What stops a posterior dislocation of the tmj

A

Postglenoid tubercle

BDS3 Anatomy (1 decks)

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