Clinical Psychology: Treatment of psychological disorders (CH15) Flashcards
Psychotherapy
Interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem
Eclectic psychotherapy
A form of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem
Psychodynamic psychotherapies
Explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems
- Unconsious conflicts
- Interpretations of transferences (feelings of 1 person transferred to others) and defense mechanisms (what is the underlying cause?)
- Insight (awareness of reason so we can deal with it)
Psychoanalysis
Assumes humans are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood development through the use of defense mechanisms
Resistance
A reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconsious material
Transference
Analyst begins to assume major significance in client’s life and the client reacts to the analyst based on unconscious childhood fantasies
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
Form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships
Behaviour therapy
Type of therapy that assumes that disordered behaviour is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviours into more constructive behaviours
- Behavioural modification: importance of conditioning (reverse bad behaviour)
- Contingency management: focus on what people do so we can stop those actions
- Systemic desensitization: numb/remove emotional bond
- Social training skills
Token economy
Form of behaviour therapy in which clients are given “tokens” for desired behaviours, which they can later trade of rewards
Exposure therapy
Involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in emotional response
Systematic desensitization
Procedure in which a client relaxes all muscles of his/her body while imagining being in increasingly frightening situations
Cognitive therapy
Aaron Beck
Focuses on helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others or the world
ex. dog phobia due to association of the dog with pain due to a dog bite
ex. depressed student think he/she will not pass college courses because he/she thinks that he/she is stupid
- Cognitive modifications: evaluating and modifying one’s belief set and the way one perceives the world
- Collaborative empiricism: work with therapist to find better way to look at world
- Guided discovery
- Socratic questioning: have patient think and see ways of improvement
Mindfulness meditation
Teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings and sensations; detect symptoms before they become a problem
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Blend of cognitive and behavioural therapeutic strategies
- Acknowledges that there are ways of helping people think more rationally when thought does play a role
- Problem focused (specific problems)
ex. reducing the frequency of panic attacks or returning to work after a bout of depression - Action oriented (assist the client in selecting specific strategies to help address those problem; client is expected to DO things such as practice relaxation exercises or use a diary to monitor relevant symptoms
ex. severity of depressed moods, panic attack symptoms
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Drug treatments:
- Buspar (serotonin antagonist -anxiety)
- Effexor, Paxil, Lexapro (serotonin/NE reuptake inhibitors [SNRI’s] -depression)
Behavioural therapy:
-Awareness and elimination
Cognitive therapy:
-Meditation, self-monitoring and problem-solving
