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EPPP 2014 > Clinical Psychology > Flashcards

Clinical Psychology Flashcards

0
Q

What is the most basic defense mechanism according to psychoanalytic theory?

A

repression – unconscious rejection of painful or shameful experiences from consciousness

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1
Q

Name Freud’s psychoanalytic defense mechanisms.

A 
repression
denial
reaction formation
rationalization
projection
displacement
fixation
sublimation
projective identification
splitting
intellectualization
undoing
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2
Q

What are the 4 steps of psychoanalysis?

A

confrontation: patient must be shown they are behaving neurotically
clarification: issues motivating behavior are explored
interpretation: repeated by therapist until change occurs
insight: patient understands
catharsis: emotional release from recall of unconscious material
working through: assimilation of insights

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3
Q

What is an “object introject”?

A

a mental representation of a person (self or another)

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4
Q

client-centered therapy

A

Rogers
based on self-actualization

discrepancy between real self and ideal self

“incongruence”–>conflict between self-concept and experience; they are selectively perceived, distorted and denied, lead to maladjustment

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5
Q

Rogers’ 3 facilitative conditions for therapy

A

empathy
unconditional positive regard
congruence/genuineness
(CUE)

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6
Q

Existential/logotherapy

A

Frankl
primary motivating force = search for meaning in life
1. Life has meaning under all circumstances, even most miserable
2. main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life
3. we have freedom to find meaning in what we do and experience

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7
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

Perls
focus on “here and now”
everyone can live fully as whole integrated person
self vs. self image

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8
Q

defense mechanisms according to Gestalt

A

introjection: uncritically absorbing info without understanding or assimilating it
projection: attributing own unacceptable thoughts/feelings to someone else
retroflection: doing to self what want to do to others
deflection: avoidance of awareness by being vague, indirect or overly polite
confluence: result of too thin boundary between self and environment; self merged into others
isolation: no boundary between self and environment; no importance of others

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9
Q

Gestalt techniques

A 
Perls
directed awareness
I statements
dream analysis
empty chair
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10
Q

Reality therapy

A 
Glasser
based on choice theory: balance of 5 basic needs ("success" vs "failure" identity)
survival
love and belonging
power
freedom
fun
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11
Q

Reality therapy techniques

A 
role play
use of humor
confronting client
plan formulation
WDEP:
exploring WANTS
DIRECTION of what client wants
EVALUATION if behavior is getting client closer
PLANNING to make positive changes
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12
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

identifies and modifies dysfunctional cognitions (automatic thoughts, logical errors, underlying assumptions) that cause maladaptive behavior and emotional responding

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13
Q

stress inoculation training

A

treatment for aggressive or impulsive behavior

  1. educate client how faulty cognitions prevent appropriate and adaptive coping
  2. rehearsal of new skills and ways of thinking about stressful situations
  3. application to real or imagined situations
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14
Q

cognitive therapy

A

Beck
how one thinks determines how one feels and behaves
maladaptive cognitions are treated as testable hypotheses with therapist

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15
Q

3 levels of cognition (Beck)

A

automatic thoughts
schema (core beliefs/underlying assumptions)
cognitive distortions

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16
Q

types of cognitive distortions

A 
arbitrary inference
selective abstraction
overgeneralization
magnification and minimization
personalization
dichotomous thinking
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17
Q

cognitive techniques of CT

A

eliciting automatic thoughts: keeping a daily log

decatastrophizing: aka “what if” technique - develop strategies for specific feared consequences
reattribution: considering alternative causes of events
redefining: restating a problem in terms that emphasize client control

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18
Q

behavioral techniques of CT

A 
homework
activity scheduling
graded task assignments (GTAs)
hypothesis testing
behavioral rehearsal/role playing
diversion techniques
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19
Q

biofeedback

A

EMG biofeedback=tension headaches
thermal biofeedback = migraine, Raynaud’s
neurofeedback (EEG) = ADHD, depression, stroke, epilepsy, head injuries

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20
Q

motivational interviewing

A

designed to resolve ambivalence
1. express empathy through reflective listening
2. develop discrepancy between client’s goals and current problem behavior
3. avoid argument and direct confrontation
4. roll with resistance
support self-efficacy for change

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21
Q

schema therapy

A

intergrates CBT, attachment, Gestalt, object relations, constructivist, and psychoanalytic
treats core psychological themes (“early maladaptive schemas”)

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22
Q

Communication/Interaction therapy

A

all behavior is a form of communication
double-bind communication: two aspects of same communication contradicting one another
metacommunication: two levels “report” = intended verbal statement; “command” = implicit nonverbal level
symmetrical communications: equality between communicators; leads to conflict and competition
complementary communications: inequality in communication; one is dominant

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23
Q

extended family systems therapy

A

Bowen
includes members of extended family
dysfunction is an intergenerational process

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24
Q

bowenian theory

A 
differentiation of self
triangulation
nuclear family emotional system
family projective process
emotional cutoff
multigenerational transmission process
sibling position
societal regression
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25
Q

techniques of extended family systems therapy

A

genograms

triangulation: therapist casts self as third person in triangle

26
Q

structural family therapy

A

Minuchin
complex system that is underfunctioning
therapist undermines existing homeostasis, create crises

27
Q

boundary problems in structural family therapy

A

triangulation
detouring
stable coalition

28
Q

techniques of structural family therapy

A

joining: by using mimesis (mimicing family style and language) and tracking (identifying with family values and history)
family map: charts family transactional patterns
restructuring the family: enactment (role playing family relationships and situations) and reframing (behavior relabeled in more positive light)

29
Q

object relations family therapy

A

INSIGHT is a core requirement for family change
problems are interpreted as transferences resulting from early mother-child relationship
family transferences to therapist are important

30
Q

stages of group therapy (Yalom)

A
  1. orientation, participation, search for meaning, dependency (hesitant to share personal info; dependent on leader for communication/approval)
  2. conflict, dominance, rebellion: members establish place in group, amount of power; communication becomes more hostile and critical, esp toward leader
  3. cohesiveness: trust develops, positive and supportive communication; increased self-disclosures and participation.
    * *Leader: works to avoid subgrouping, moving toward goals
31
Q

therapeutic factors of group therapy (Yalom)

A 
instillation of hope
universality
imparting information
altruism
recapitulation of primary family group
socialization techniques
imitative behavior
interpersonal learning**
cohesiveness** ---> research:most associated with member success
catharsis**
existential factors
**most important according to Yalom
however instillation of hope was most useful to lower-functioning clients
32
Q

emic vs. etic

A

emic=studying culture from inside

etic=studying culture from ouTside

33
Q

According to Sue & Sue, American culture is epitomized by…

A

internal locus of control

internal sense of responsibility

34
Q

Berry’s acculturation model

A

Integration –> high retention of minority culture; high maintenance of mainstream culture low stress
Assimilation –> LOW retention of minority culture; high maintenance of mainstream culture moderate stress
Separation –> HIGH retention of minority culture; rejection of mainstream culture HIGH STRESS
Marginalization –>low retention of minority culture; low maintenance of mainstream (not fully in either culture) *HIGH STRESS

35
Q

stages of the Minority Development Model (MID) by Atkinson, Morten & Sue

A

Conformity –> prefers dominant culture
Dissonance –>culture confusion and conflict
Resistance and Immersion –> actively reject dominant, endorse minority views to combat racism, strong distrust of white society
Introspection –> begins to question unequivocal loyalty to minority
Synergistic Articulation and Awareness –> greater individual autonomy, resolves conflicts

36
Q

Helms’ White Racial Identity Model

A

Contact –> ignorance of racial differences; limited contact
Disintegration –>greater awareness through contact; confusion/conflict
Reintegration –> Whites are superior
Pseudo-independence –> dissatisfaction with reintegration, reexamination of beliefs
Immersion-Emersion –> embrace whiteness without rejecting minority
Autonomy –> nonracist White identity, seek out cross-race interactions

37
Q

Cross’ Nigrescence model

A

Pre-encounter –> worldview dominated by white determinants; blame AfAmericans themselves; assimilation and integration are solution
Encounter –> personal/social event dislodges from preencounter; search for AfAmerican identity
Immersion-Emersion –> struggles to destroy old identity; denigrate whites, deify AfAmericans
Internalization –> ideological flexibility, psycho openness, self-confidence; anti-white feelings decline
Internalization-Commitment –> translate internalized feelings to group; increase in activism to improve condition of AfAmericans

38
Q

Troiden’s model of homosexual identity development

A

sensitization (before puberty) – has feelings but doesn’t understand them
identity confusion: (adolescence 17 males, 18 females) realizes may be homosexual
identity assumption: (19-21 males; 21-23 females) coming out
identity commitment: (21-24 males; 22-23 females) adopting lifestyle

39
Q

what are the 3 phases of the Phase Model of Psychotherapy?

A

remoralization –>main outcome is improve feelings of hopelessness and desperation (1-5th session)
remediation –> focus on Sx reduction/relief (5-15 sessions)
rehabilitation –> gradual improvement in aspects of life functioning

40
Q

What is the “conversion V” pattern on the MMPI2?

A

1 (hypochondriasis) and 3 (hysteria) are high; 2 (depression) is low

41
Q

What is the “psychotic V” or parnoid valley on the MMPI2?

A

scale 6 and 8 high, 7 low

42
Q

What is the passive-aggressive pattern on the MMPI2?

A

4 and 6 high, 5 low

43
Q

MMPI2 validity scales

A

L scale: “lie” scale –> attempt to fake good, or lack of insight
low score=indicate independence, exaggeration of negative characteristics, direct or blunt responding

F scale: “infrequency” scale –> atypical responding,
high score= deviant or antisocal personality, malingering, over 90 makes protocol invalid

K scale: “defensiveness” scale –>
high score= fake good, defensive, deny problems, well educated score higher
low score= low self-image, self-critical

44
Q

What are the “Big 5” personality traits?

A 
CANOE
conscientiousness
anxiety
neuroticism
openness
extroversion
45
Q

empirical criterion keying

A

a large pool of items is given to members of two or more populations and the items that best distinguish among the populations are retained.

46
Q

What is the phenomenon of having a distorted perception of another, based on one’s past significant relationships called?

A

transference (Freud)

47
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

A Freudian defense mechanism used when a person avoids an anxiety-evoking urge by expressing the OPPOSITE.

48
Q

What is displacement?

A

Freudian defense mechanism: “taking it out” on wrong person (displaced anxiety or anger)

49
Q

What is rationalization?

A

Freudian defense mechanism: rationalizing behavior through diminishing, over explaining, etc.

50
Q

Perls

A

Gestalt

The WHOLE pearl necklace

51
Q

Adler

A

Individual

52
Q

Jung

A

Analytical Psychotherapy

53
Q

Rogers

A

Person-centered therapy

Mr. Rogers is a caring person

54
Q

Frankl

A

Existential/logotherapy

Mans Search for Meaning

55
Q

Glasser

A

Reality therapy

Looking GLASS shows you REALITY

56
Q

Kelly

A

Personal construct therapy

57
Q

de Shazar

A

Solution-focused therapy

SHAZAM! There’s your solution!

58
Q

Prochanska & DiClemente

A

Transtheoretical model of behavior change

59
Q

MRI Palo Alto

A

Communication/Interaction family therapy

60
Q

Minuchin

A

Structural Family Therapy

Minuchin knows the STRUCTURE of the govt

61
Q

Haley

A

Strategic family therapy

Haley’s comet is strategic

62
Q

Difference between feminist and no sexist therapy?

A

Nonsexist focus on individual factors and modifying personal behavior

EPPP 2014 (7 decks)

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