Clinical Psychology Flashcards
Classical vs. Other Psychodynamic Psychotherapies
- Freudian (Classical Psychoanalysis)
- Jung (Analytical Psychology)
- Adler (Individual Psychology)
- Neo-Freudians (Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan, Erich Fromm)
- Ego analysts (Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, David Rappaport, Heinz Hartmann)
- Object-relations theory
Structural Theory
-Frued
-Psyche divided into 3:
1) Id: sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, pleasure principle
2) Ego: governed by reality, ties to gratify id in ways that are ok with superego
3) Superego: conscious, attempt to block unacceptable id impulses
Defense Mechanisms
Anxiety results when the ego cannot immediately resolve conflicts between the demands of the id and the superego or reality.
When the ego cannot resolve conflicts using realistic means, it employs defense mechanisms.
1) Repression
2) Reaction formation,
3) Projection,
4) Sublimation
What is the goal of Freudian psychoanalysis?
To bring unconscious unresolved conflicts into consciousness and strengthen the ego so that behavior is based less on instinctual drives and more on reality
What are the therapeutic targets in Freudian psychoanalysis?
1) Client’s free associations
2) Resistance
3) Dreams
4) Transference.
Free associations
-Freud, target of therapy
-Help lower a client’s defenses and bring unconscious thoughts and feelings into conscious awareness.
-It involves asking the client to say whatever comes to mind without censure.
Resistance
-Freud, target of therapy
-Done by the client
-Provides information about his or her unconscious conflicts and occurs when the client is unwilling or unable to address threatening, anxiety-arousing issues.
-It is manifested in various ways, including talking about trivial topics, responding to painful material by laughing, or missing therapy appointments.
Resistance
-Freud, target of therapy
-Done by the client
-Provides information about his or her unconscious conflicts and occurs when the client is unwilling or unable to address threatening, anxiety-arousing issues.
-It is manifested in various ways, including talking about trivial topics, responding to painful material by laughing, or missing therapy appointments.
Dream Analysis
-Freud, target of therapy
-It’s use is based on the premise that dreams contain symbols that provide important information about unconscious impulses.
-During dream analysis, the therapist interprets the true meaning (latent content) of these symbols.
Transference
-Freud, target of therapy
-An assumption of psychoanalysis is that the therapist’s neutrality allows the client to project onto the therapist feelings that he or she originally had for a parent or other significant person in the past, and Freud referred to these distorted perceptions as transference.
-A client’s negative transference might involve displacing aggressive drives or hateful feelings onto the therapist, whereas positive transference might involve displacing feelings of affection, openness, or friendliness onto the therapist and can facilitate the development of a good working relationship between the client and therapist.
Primary procedures involved in Freudian psychoanalysis
1) Confrontation
2) Clarification
3) Interpretation
4) Working through
Confrontation
-Freud, primary procedures of psychoanalysis
-Confrontation involves making statements that help clients view their own behaviors in a new way. For example, if a client is often late to therapy sessions, the therapist might suggest that the client’s lateness could be due to the fact that he is ambivalent about coming to therapy.
Clarification
-Freud, primary procedures of psychoanalysis
-Brings the client’s behavior into sharper focus and involves asking questions and making observations.
-The therapist might follow-up her suggestion about the client’s lateness by stating that she’s noticed that the client is most likely to be late when, in the previous session, the client started talking about a decision he is struggling with.
Interpretation
-Freud, primary procedures of psychoanalysis
-Explicitly linking the client’s conscious behavior to unconscious processes.
The therapist would be using interpretation if she points out that the client’s lateness might be due to the fact that he’s avoiding therapy because he’s concerned that she’ll disapprove of his decisions just like the client’s father did when he was living at home.
Repeated interpretations lead to CATHARSIS (an emotional release that results from the recall of repressed material) and INSIGHT (an understanding of the connection between current behavior and unconscious material) and then to WORKING THROUGH, which is a slow, gradual process that involves testing, accepting, and assimilating new insights.
Working through
-Freud, primary procedures of psychoanalysis
-Slow, gradual process that involves testing, accepting, and assimilating new insights.
