Clinical Problem Solving 1 Flashcards
ICE (Ideas, Concerns and Expectations)
Of the patient.
What do you think is wrong?
What is your concern regarding this?
What can I do for you today to help?
Symptoms
What the patient reports to you
Signs
Information collected when examining the patient
Inspection
Information collected by observing/ looking at patient
Paplation
Information gathered by feeling patient
Percussion
Information gathered by tapping patient to elicit a sound or response
Auscultation
Information gathered by listening to patient
Often using a stethoscope
Investigation
Where equipment is used to image some part of the patient
Or measure their psychological process (breathing, hearing, heart function)
Or measure a biochemical variable in the body
What to ask patient
ICE
Let them talk and you listen
Elicit history of presenting complaint
Previous medical/ drug history
Social history
Common tests that can be run to aid diagnosis
Functional Imaging (ECG, Spirometer…etc)
Imaging (MRI, X-Ray…etc)
Swabs
Biochemical/ Haematological Tests
Key consideration during diagnostic process (7 points)
1) Deep understanding of the body
2) What can go wrong?
3) Make sense of symptoms and signs
4) Generate test hypotheses
5) Differential diagnoses
6) Confirm hypothesis
7) Plan and execute managing diagnosis
Types of bias during diagnostic process (4)
1) Confirmatory bias (only look for data matching hypothesis)
2) Recency bias (condition presents as a disorder you commonly come across)
3) Premature Closure bias (don’t investigate all avenues)
4) Hindsight bias (I was right all along)
What to consider when making concept maps for any disease (8)
1) Psychological/ Social Impacts
2) Pathology
3) Structures Involved
4) Function Involved
5) Investigation
6) Epidemiology/ Risk Factors
7) Symptoms, Signs, History
8) Treatments
