Clinical pharmacology of sedatives Flashcards
4 categories of drugs used as “sedatives”
Phenothiazines
Butyrophenones
Alpha2- adrenoceptor agonists
Benzodiazepines
Mechanisms of sedatives
Antagonise excitatory neurotransmitters
Potentiate inhibitory neurotransmitters
What class is Acepromazine in
Phenothiazines
Mechanism of Acepromazine
non-selective dopamine antagonism
What are acepromazine cardiovascular effects
Vasodilation
Anti-arrhythmic action
Clinical indications for Acepromazine
Premedication prior to general anaesthesia
Sedation
contra-indications for Acepromazine
Hypovolaemia
Breeding stallions & bulls
What dog breeds should I be careful when using Acepromazine
vasovagal syncope in boxers
brachycephalic & giant breeds
Azaperone is under what class of drug
Buyropehenones
What is azaperone used for
sedation, premedication or behavioural modification
Licensed in pigs
Mechanism of azaperone/buyropehenones
Dopamine antagonism
How do I administer Azaperone
Deep IM
What is the name of drug (and components) used for sedation and premed in small animals(mice/rabbits)
Hypnorm = fluanisone + fentanyl
Mechanism of alpha 2 agonists
Activate adrenergic receptors within the sympathetic nervous system
Cardiovascular effects of alpha2 agonists
Vasoconstriction
Initial increase in BP
Bradycardia
Reduced cardiac output
