Clinical pharmacology of sedatives Flashcards
4 categories of drugs used as “sedatives”
Phenothiazines
Butyrophenones
Alpha2- adrenoceptor agonists
Benzodiazepines
Mechanisms of sedatives
Antagonise excitatory neurotransmitters
Potentiate inhibitory neurotransmitters
What class is Acepromazine in
Phenothiazines
Mechanism of Acepromazine
non-selective dopamine antagonism
What are acepromazine cardiovascular effects
Vasodilation
Anti-arrhythmic action
Clinical indications for Acepromazine
Premedication prior to general anaesthesia
Sedation
contra-indications for Acepromazine
Hypovolaemia
Breeding stallions & bulls
What dog breeds should I be careful when using Acepromazine
vasovagal syncope in boxers
brachycephalic & giant breeds
Azaperone is under what class of drug
Buyropehenones
What is azaperone used for
sedation, premedication or behavioural modification
Licensed in pigs
Mechanism of azaperone/buyropehenones
Dopamine antagonism
How do I administer Azaperone
Deep IM
What is the name of drug (and components) used for sedation and premed in small animals(mice/rabbits)
Hypnorm = fluanisone + fentanyl
Mechanism of alpha 2 agonists
Activate adrenergic receptors within the sympathetic nervous system
Cardiovascular effects of alpha2 agonists
Vasoconstriction
Initial increase in BP
Bradycardia
Reduced cardiac output
T/F Alpha2 agonist provides analgesia
True!
Examples of Alpha2agonist for dogs and cats
medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, (xylazine), atipamezole
Examples of Alpha2agonist for horse and cow
xylazine, detomidine
Mechanisms of benzodiapines
Potentiate activity of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
Examples of benzodiapines
Diazepam
Midazolam
