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Specialties > Clinical Pharmacology- Complimentary Medicine > Flashcards

Clinical Pharmacology- Complimentary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What does CAM stand for?

A

Complementary and alternative medicine

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2
Q

What does CAM include?

A
  • herbal and homeopathic therapies
  • Acupuncture
  • Aromatherapy
  • Reiki
  • Shiatsu
  • Yoga
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3
Q

Who should you be concerned about using CAM?

A

Children
Pregnant women
Patients on multiple medications
Multimorbidity

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4
Q

Why is CAM not recommended in someone who is pregnant?

A

In cause of fetogenesis or teratogenesis

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5
Q

What are some concerns about CAM?

A
  • Implausibility of most therapies
  • Lack of evidence for benefit or safety
  • Evidence of harm
  • Adverse Effects / Herb-Drug Interactions
  • Unqualified practitioners / Missed diagnoses
  • Stopping conventional medicine
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6
Q

Why do some people use CAM?

A
  • Desire to have personal control over their own health.
  • Dissatisfied with conventional treatment
  • Perception that conventional medicine lacks/disregards an holistic approach.
  • Concerns about the side effects of prescribed medications
  • Don’t see any distinctions between US and Them
  • Think it’s natural, safe and harmless
  • Side effects from conventional medicines
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7
Q

What do herbal medicines include?

A

Herbs
Herbal materials
Herbal preparations and finished herbal products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations.

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8
Q

What may herbal medicines contain?

A
  • Heavy metals
  • Bacteria
  • Prescription medicines
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9
Q

What are the problems of using herbal medicine in pregnancy?

A
  • No safety or efficacy data
  • Teratogenesis
  • Fetogenesis
  • Drug-Herb Interactions
  • Half of pregnant women use prescribed medication (range1-12)
  • Half of these use 36 different oral herbal products (range 1-6)
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10
Q

What are the safety concerns of herbal medicines?

A
  • Contamination, adulteration and misidentification of herbal remedies.
  • Variation between the labelled content of products and their actual content.
  • Serious toxic effects from some.
  • Biggest problem is lack of data.
  • Drug-herb interactions are a major concern,
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11
Q

What is an example of a concerning drug-herb interaction?

A

St John’s Wort and multiple herbs with warfarin.

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12
Q

What is homeopathy?

A

One part toxin is mixed with 10 parts water or alcohol- Whole process known as Potentisation

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13
Q

What are homeopathy’s healing powers attributed to?

A

“water memory” — the concept that water has the ability to remember the shape of the toxin it once contained.

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14
Q

How efficient is homeopathy?

A
  • Scientifically implausible.
  • Major issues with quality of studies.
  • No convincing evidence.
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15
Q

Is homeopathy safe?

A

Mainly yes

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16
Q

What is the basis of acupuncture?

A

Trigger points targeted for needling to deal with pain.

17
Q

How is acupuncture carried out?

A
  • 4 -10 points are needled during a session.
  • Needles are left in place for 10-30 minutes, although can be shorter.
  • Needles may be stimulated by twirling or an electrical current.
18
Q

Is acupuncture safe?

A

10% have adverse effects to acupuncture

19
Q

What are some serious adverse effects of acupuncture?

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • Infection
  • Pneumopericardium
  • Organ puncture
  • Cardiac tamponade
20
Q

What is aromatherapy?

A

The use of concentrated essential oils extracted from herbs, flowers, and other plants to treat diseases.

21
Q

How are the concentrated oils administered in aromatherapy?

A
  • Inhalation
  • Massage
  • Diffusion
  • Hot or cold compress
  • Soaking baths
22
Q

What are the harmful side effects of aromatherapy?

A
  • Skin irritation with frequent use
  • Photosensitivity-Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun,
  • Excessive inhalation can cause headaches and fatigue;
  • Insomnia -peppermint
23
Q

Who shouldn’t use aromatherapy?

A

People with asthma- Can cause bronchial spasm

Women who are pregnant- Abortifacient

24
Q

What can aromatherapy be beneficial for?

A

Cancer support- Massage and aromatherapy massage confer short term benefits on psychological wellbeing

25
Q

Who are magic believers?

A

People who believe that alternative medicine works in way that science cannot possibly comprehend

26
Q

Who are pseudoscience believers?

A

People who believe that alternative medicine can be explained by untested or untestable theories

27
Q

Who are anecdotal believers’-”seeing is believing”?

A

People who believe in alternative medicine because they have seen or experienced it’s positive effects

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