Clinical Pharmacology and Administration of Fluid, Blood, Electrolyte and Blood Component Solutions

Question 1

Synthetic colloids

Answer 1

-Macromolecular particles suspended in a crystalloid fluid solution

Question 2

Colloid oncotic pressure

Answer 2

Osmotic pressure generated by colloids in solution - is determined by the number of particles rather than their size

Question 3

Clinical use of colloids

Answer 3

• Patients requiring oncotic support (hypoproteinemia)
  to prevent interstitial fluid accumulation
  -Hypovolemic patients as resuscitation

Question 4

Classification of colloids

Answer 4

Blood component products or synthetic compounds composed of three major groups:

1. HES derivatives
2. Dextrans
3. Gelatins

Question 5

MOA colloids

Answer 5

In absence of increased microvascular permeability, movement is limited across the endothelium and less able to accumulate in the interstitium

• -Results in longer dwell time within the IVF compartment compared to crystalloids
• -Can pull fluid into IVF compartment based on their oncotic properties

Question 6

Electrolytes: 0.45% NaCl

Answer 6

(mEq/L)
Na 77
Cl 77
K 0
Ca 0
Mg 0

Question 7

Electrolytes: 0.9% NaCl with 2.5% dextrose

Answer 7

(mEq/L)
Na 77
Cl 77
K 0
Ca 0
Mg 0

Question 8

Electrolytes: Plasmalyte M with 5% dextrose

Answer 8

(mEq/L)
Na 40
Cl 40
K 16
Ca 5
Mg 3

Question 9

Electrolytes: Normosol-M with 5% dextrose

Answer 9

(mEq/L)
Na 40
Cl 40
K 13
Ca 0
Mg 3

Question 10

Electrolytes: 5% dextrose

Answer 10

(mEq/L)
Na 0
Cl 0
K 0
Ca 0
Mg 0

Question 11

Electrolytes: plasma

Answer 11

(mEq/L)
Na 142
Cl 104
K 5
Ca 5
Mg 3

Question 12

Buffers (mEq/L): 0.45% NaCl

Answer 12

Lactate 0
Acetate 0
Gluconate 0

Question 13

Buffers (mEq/L): 0.45% NaCl with 2.5% dextrose

Answer 13

Lactate 0
Acetate 0
Gluconate 0

Question 14

Buffers (mEq/L): Plasmalyte M with 5% dextrose

Answer 14

Lactate 12
Acetate 12
Gluconate 0

Question 15

Buffers (mEq/L): Normosol M with 5% dextrose

Answer 15

Lactate 0
Acetate 16
Gluconate 0

Question 16

Buffers (mEq/L): Dextrose 5%

Answer 16

Lactate 0
Acetate 0
Gluconate 0

Question 17

Buffers (mEq/L): plasma

Answer 17

Bicarb = 24

Question 18

Osmolarity (mOsm/L): 0.45% saline

Answer 18

154

Question 19

Osmolarity (mOsm/L): 0.45% saline with 2.5% dextrose

Answer 19

280

Question 20

Osmolarity (mOsm/L): Plasmalyte 5% dextrose

Answer 20

376

Question 21

Osmolarity (mOsm/L): Normosol M 5% dextrose

Answer 21

364

Question 22

Osmolarity (mOsm/L): Dextrose 5%

Answer 22

252

Question 23

Osmolarity (mOsm/L): Plasma

Answer 23

300

Question 24

pH: 0.45% saline

Answer 24

5.0

Question 25

pH: 0.45% saline with 2.5% dextrose

Answer 25

4.5

Question 26

pH: Plasmalyte 5% dextrose

Answer 26

5.5

Question 27

pH: Normosol M 5% dextrose

Answer 27

5.5

Question 28

pH: Dextrose 5%

Answer 28

4.0

Question 29

pH: plasma 7.4

Answer 29

7.4

Question 30

Glucose (g/L): 0.45% saline

Answer 30

0

Question 31

Glucose (g/L): 0.45% saline with 2.5% dextrose

Answer 31

25

Question 32

Glucose (g/L): Plasmalyte 5% dextrose

Answer 32

50

Question 33

Glucose (g/L): Normosol M 5% dextrose

Answer 33

50

Question 34

Glucose (g/L): Dextrose 5%

Answer 34

50

Question 35

Glucose (g/L): plasma 7.4

Answer 35

NA

Question 36

Electrolytes 0.9% NaCl

Answer 36

``` (mEq/L) Na 154 Cl 154 K 0 Ca 0 Mg 0 ```

Question 37

Buffers 0.9% NaCl

Answer 37

Lactate 0 Acetate 0 Gluconate 0

Question 38

Osmolarity (mOsm/L) NaCl

Answer 38

308

Question 39

pH NaCl

Answer 39

5.0

Question 40

Electrolytes LRS

Answer 40

``` Na 130 Cl 109 K 4 Ca 3 Mg 0 ```

Question 41

Buffers LRS

Answer 41

Lactate 28 Acetate 0 Gluconate 0

Question 42

Osmolarity (mOsm/L) LRS

Answer 42

272

Question 43

pH LRS

Answer 43

6.5

Question 44

Electrolytes Plasmalyte 148

Answer 44

``` Na 154 Cl 154 K 0 Ca 0 Mg 0 ```

Question 45

Buffers Plasmalyte 148

Answer 45

Lactate 0 Acetate 27 Gluconate 23

Question 46

Osmolarity (mOsm/L) Plasmalyte 148

Answer 46

294

Question 47

pH Plasmalyte 148

Answer 47

5.5

Question 48

Electrolytes Normosol-R

Answer 48

``` Na 140 Cl 98 K 5 Ca 0 Mg 3 ```

Question 49

Buffers Normosol-R

Answer 49

Lactate 0 Acetate 27 Gluconate 23

Question 50

Osmolarity (mOsm/L) Normosol-R

Answer 50

294

Question 51

pH Normosol-R

Answer 51

6.4

Question 52

Electrolytes Plasmalyte-A

Answer 52

``` Na 140 Cl 98 K 5 Ca 0 Mg 3 ```

Question 53

Buffers Plasmalyte-A

Answer 53

Lactate 0 Acetate 27 Gluconate 23

Question 54

Osmolarity (mOsm/L) Plasmalyte-A

Answer 54

294

Question 55

pH Plasmalyte-A

Answer 55

5.5 (?)