Clinical Pathology Final

Question 1

Name the sample handling techniques or patient factors that will falsely ELEVATE blood glucose?

Answer 1

1. Recent meal (last 2-4hrs)

2. Excitement (cats**)

Question 2

Name the sample handling techniques that will falsely DECREASE blood glucose?

Answer 2

1. Extended time for serum removal (continued glycolysis)

Question 3

Which animals are the exception to the “fasting prior to blood draw if possible” rule?

Answer 3

Ruminants

Question 4

In a cat, lymphocytes with be ________ with stress and ______ with excitement (catecholamines).

Answer 4

Decreased –> Lymphopenia

Increased –> Lymphocytosis

Question 5

What are the 5 main hormones/chemical mediators responsible for the regulation of blood glucose?

Answer 5

1. Insulin
2. Glucagon
3. Growth Hormone
4. Catecholamines
5. Glucocorticoids

Question 6

How do you prevent further glycolysis from occurring by RBC’s post blood draw?

Answer 6

Remove serum from clot quickly (

Question 7

When evaluating insulin in serum, what other value must be measured and analyzed at the same time?

Answer 7

Blood glucose

Question 8

What is one of the most common causes of hyperglycemia?

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids

Either endo/exogenous

Question 9

Administration of topical steroids can cause what two biochemical elevations?

Answer 9

ALKP

Glucose

Question 10

What is a big danger of severe/recurrent pancreatitis cases?

Answer 10

Development of diabetes mellitus

Question 11

What is your only differential for elevated ALB?

Answer 11

dehydration

Question 12

TCO2 = _______?

Answer 12

bicarb

Question 13

Which disease is the most common cause of illness-related Heinz bodies in cats?

Answer 13

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 14

What can you measure to confirm elevated glucose is due to diabetes and not stress?

Answer 14

Fructosamine

Elevates with hyperglycemia

Question 15

What can cause a false decrease in fructosamine readings?

Answer 15

Hypoalbuminemia

Question 16

In general, how high does amylase need to be elevated to suggest pancreatic injury? EXCEPTION??

Answer 16

> 3-4X upper limit

Animal CANNOT be azotemic

Question 17

In general, how high does lipase need to be elevated to suggest pancreatic injury? EXCEPTION??

Answer 17

> 2X normal

Dogs receiving steroids (or Cushing’s)

Question 18

T/F: In general, analysis of amylase and lipase in peritoneal fluid is better than in serum.

Answer 18

True

Exceptions: r/o GI rupture w/peritoneal fluid

Question 19

Most likely predisposing factor for feline pancreatitis?

Answer 19

IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)

Question 20

A v/d small animal comes to you and has a metabolic alkalosis. What do you immediately suspect?

Answer 20

Pyloric obstruction

Question 21

T/F: In general, small animals that have v/d will have a metabolic alkalsosis.

Answer 21

False; they will be acidotic

Question 22

Top 2 ddx for hypochloridemia and metabolic alkalosis in a ruminant?

Answer 22

1. Abomasomal volvulus

2. Proximal duodenal obstruction

Question 23

Rule of thumb:

HCT = ~ _?_x Hgb

Answer 23

3x

Question 24

Which 2 hematology parameters are calculated?

Answer 24

HCT

MCHC