CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY LEC Flashcards
1
Q
- Transformation of a trophozoite stage into a cyst stage
A
Encystation
2
Q
- In which one individual divides into two of more or less equal parts
A
Binary fission
3
Q
- Liberates daughter cells that are called merozoites
A
Schizogony
4
Q
- Permanent and complete fusion of male and female gametes
A
Syngamy
5
Q
- Interchange of nuclear material that takes place among ciliates
A
Conjugation
6
Q
- Extension of the ectoplasm that aid amoeba in motility
A
Pseudopodia
7
Q
- Lateral expansion of the plasma membrane associated with flagellum
A
Undulating membrane
8
Q
- Specialized cell mouth found among the ciliates
A
Cytostome
9
Q
- Dense cytoplasmic inclusions made up of crystalline RNA and RNA-binding proteins
A
Chromatoidal bodies
10
Q
- A mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of certain protozoa
A
Karyosome
11
Q
Transmission of Entamoeba histolytica occurs when:
A
the infective cysts are ingested in contaminated food or drink.
12
Q
The most common site for extraintestinal amebiasis is
A
liver
13
Q
Humans most often contract Naegleria fowleri by
A
swimming in contaminated water
14
Q
Which of the following is the specimen of choice for the recovery of Naegleria
fowleri?
A
Cerebrospinal fluid
15
Q
Etiologic agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis is
A
Acanthamoeba
16
Q
The pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is indicated by the following , EXCEPT
A
size
17
Q
Which of the following is the main difference between the trophozoites of
Entamoeba hartmanni and Entamoeba histolytica?
A
Trophozoites of E. hartmanni do not contain ingested red blood cells.
18
Q
Which of the following correctly describes the nucleus of Endolimax nana?
A
Blotlike
19
Q
Which of the following amoebae do trophozoites ingest white blood cells?
A
Entamoeba gingivalis
20
Q
The term acanthopodia describes pseudopodia that are
A
spinelike
21
Q
The following flagellates are found in the intestines, EXCEPT
A
Trichomonas tenax
22
Q
The normal habitat of Giardia lamblia
A
duodenum
23
Q
Individuals at risk for contracting Giardia lamblia when camping and hiking are encouraged to take which of these steps to prevent infection?
A
Use only bottled water for drinking, cooking & appropriate personal hygiene
24
Q
Which of the following is suggested to be transmitted via the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis?
A
5Dientamoeba fragilis
25
The infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis is
trophozoite
26
The main feature for attachment of Giardia lamblia
sucking disc
27
The motility of the trophozoites of Chilomastix
corkscrew
28
Which of the following has undulating membrane that is as long as the costa
Pentatrichomonas hominis
29
Enterotest is used to sample materials from the
duodenum
30
Lutzomyia sandflies
Leishmania braziliensis
31
Kalaazar
C. Leishmania donovani
32
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania tropica
33
Romañas sign
Trypanosoma cruzi
34
East and Central Africa
T. b. rhodesiense
35
Flagellum is absent
Promastigote
36
Consists of a nucleus and a kinetoplast
Epimastigote
37
Its presence indicates positive xenodiagnosis
Trypomastigote
38
Isolated in NNN culture of Leishmania
Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
39
The infective form of Balantidium coli is the trophozoite
F
40
The main reservoir of Balantidium coli infection is man
F
41
Balantidium coli is present worldwide, but the prevalence of the infection is very low
T
42
Balantidium coil is the largest protozoan parasite residing in the large intestine of man
T
43
The slightly pointed anterior end of Balantidium coli trophozoite has a cytopyge.
F
44
Balantidium coli has two (2) dissimilar nuclei
F
45
The infective form of malaria parasite from the salivary glands of Anopheles
sporozoite
46
The actively dividing form of malaria parasite is known as
schizont
47
Malignant tertian malaria is caused by
Plasmodium falciparum
48
Which Plasmodium species preferentially infects old RBCs only?
Plasmodium malariae
49
most common cause of malaria in semi-tropical parts of the world is
Plasmodium vivax
50
In malaria microscopy, best staining results are achieved when using
Giemsa stain
51
Which Plasmodium species has crescent-shaped gametocytes
Plasmodium falciparum
52
The stippling in the P. vivax-infected red blood cells is known as
Schuffner's stippling
53
Schizont with 6 to 12 merozoites in daisy-head formation is typical of
Plasmodium falciparum
54
The Quantitative Buffy Coat method for blood parasites is based on
fluorescence microscopy
55
1. Originally thought to be a cyanobacterium.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
56
2. The only known definitive hosts are members of family Felidae.
Toxoplasma gondii
57
3. Humans become infected when they eat undercooked beef containing tissue cysts with bradyzoites.
Sarcocystis hominis
58
4. Thin-walled oocysts initiate autoinfection of other enterocytes.
Cryptosporidium species
59
5. Trophozoites multiply by endodyogeny.
Toxoplasma gondii
60
6. Transmission occurs through exposure to water contaminated by feces of infected cattle.
Cryptosporidium species
61
7. Shed in human feces as sporulated oocyst that is readily infectious to next susceptible human host.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
62
8. Spherical oocysts in feces are 4-5 um in diameter and are with 4 naked sporozoites.
Cryptosporidium species
63
9. Oocysts are spheres that fluoresce under UV light but variably stain with carbol
fuchsin.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
64
10. At time of excretion in human feces, the elongate-ovoidal immature oocyst contains usually one sporoblast (more rarely two)
Cystoisospora belli
65
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
N. fowleri
66
Keratitis
Acanthamoeba spp
67
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis:
Acanthamoeba spp.
68
Infective stage is trophozoite:
E. histolytica, N. fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., T. vaginalis,
69
Infective stage is cyst:
E. histolytica, Dientamoeba fragilis, G. lambdia,
70
Diagnostic stage is cyst:
E. histolytica, Acanthamoeba spp, G. lambdia,
71
Diagnostic stage is troph:
E. histolytica, N. fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp, Dientamoeba fragilis, G. lambdia, T. vaginalis,
72
Promitosis:
N. fowleri
73
Mitosis:
Acanthamoeba spp
74
Infective stage is Sandfly (promastigote):
Leisgmania spp.
75
Infective stage is Triatomine/Reduviid bug (Metacyclic trypomastigote):
T. cruzi
76
Infective stage is Tsetse fly (Metacyclic trypomastigote):
Trypanosoma brucei
77
Infective stage is Mosquito and release of sporozoite:
Plasmodium spp.
78
Has exo-erythrocytic cycle, Erythrocytic cycle, Sporogonic cycle:
Plasmodium spp.
79
Diagnostic stage is gametocyte, schizont, mature and immature troph:
Plasmodium spp.
80
Diagnostic stage is oocyst:
Cystoisospora belli
81
Diagnostic stage is thick walled oocyst:
Cryptosporidium spp
82
Tachyzoites:
Toxoplasma gondii
83
Bradyzoite:
Sarcocystis spp
84
Hypnozoite:
Plasmodium
85
Cytoplasmic inclusion of amoebas (func for feeding by phagocytosis):
Pseudopodia
86
Amoebic colitis:
Flash shape/Tear drop shape,
87
mucosal layer:
E. histolytica
88
Def host:
Intermediate host:
Sexual
Asexual
89
Pseudopodia:
Flagella:
Cilia:
Undulating membrane:
Cytostome:
Cytopyge:
Osmoregulator:
Amoebas under Sarcodina
Mastigophora
Ciliophora
extension of flagella
Cell mouth
Cell anus
Contractile vacuoles
90
Parasitic amoebae found in intestinal lumen:
E. histolytica, E. dispar, E.coli, E. hartmanni, E. nana, I. butschlii
91
Parasitic amoebae found in the mouth:
E.gingivalis
92
Extraintestinal amoeba.:
E. gingivalis, N. fowleri,
93
Amoebae that causes intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis:
E. histolytica
94
Amoeba occurs only in trophozoite stage:
E. gingivalis
95
Difference of E. histolytica and E dispar:
DNA and ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme pattern
96
Nonpathogenic amoeba (compared to E. histolytica):
E. dispar
97
Intestinal and Extraintestinal amoebiasis
E. histolytica
98
Intestinal amoebiasis:
Asymptomatic (?)
Symptomatic: (?) amoebic colitis
90%
10%
99
Acute amoebic colitis/amoebic dysentery
Chronic amoebic colitis
Intestinal amoebiasis:
100
Intestinal amoebiasis:
Pathogenic mechanisms:
Cytoadherance:
Cytolysis:
Proteolysis:
Virulence factor
trophozoite lectin
Amoebapores
Cysteine proteinase
101
: perforation and peritonitis
Colonic perforation
102
napkin ring
Amoeboma
103
Amoebic hepatitis
Amoebic liver abscess (ALA)
“Anchovy sauce”
Hepatic amoebiasis
104
Extraintestinal amoebiasis:
Hepatic amoebiasis
Pulmonary amoebiasis
Metastatic amoebiasis
Cutaneous amoebiasis
Genitourinary amoebiasis
105
Hematogenous spread
Metastatic amoebiasis
106
Perineum/perianal region
Cutaneous amoebiasis
107
Prepuce and glans
Genitourinary amoebiasis
108
Not capable of encystation:
E. gingivalis
109
Capable of colitis & liver abscess:
E. histolytica
110
Commensal amoebas: all except
E. histolytica
111
Biggest commensal amoeba:
E. coli
112
Smallest commensal amoeba:
E. hartmanni
113
Blotlike karyosome:
E. hartmanni
114
Ground-glass appearance of cytoplasm:
E.histolytica, E. hartmanni
115
Basket nucleus:
Iodamoeba butschlii
116
Splinter-shaped chromatoidal bodies:
E. coli
117
Reddish brown with iodine:
E. hartmanni & E. coli
118
No chromatoidal bodies present:
Iodamoeba
119
Small race of E. histolytica:
E. hartmanni
120
Fecal-oral route trans:
E. histolytica,
121
Hand to mouth trans:
E. histolytica,
122
Oral-anal contact:
E. histolytica,
123
Has mechanical vectors (Flies, cockroaches, and
other insects):
E. histolytica, B. hominis
124
Gay bowel syndrome: ,
E. histolytica
125
21% prevalence:
E. coli
126
9% prevalence:
E. nana
127
1% prevalence:
Iodamoeba butschlii
128
Neti pot:
N. fowleri
129
GAE and disseminated infection:
Acanthamoeba
130
Heat loving, found in warm water at 42C:
N. fowleri
131
Nonpathogenic naegleria:
Naegleria gruberi
132
Spine-like pseudopodia : Acanthamoeba
(Acanthapodia)
133
Cyst has pores, opercula, ostioles:
Cyst of Acanthamoeba
134
Stramenophiles:
Blastocystis hominis
135
Intestinal flagellates:
G. lambdia, D. fragilis,
Chilomastix mesnili, Pentatrichomonas hominis
136
Pathogenic intestinal flagellate:
Giardia lambdia
137
Nonpathogenic intestinal flagellate:
D. fragilis
138
Commensal intestinal flagellate:
Chilomastix
mesnili, Pentatrichomonas hominis
139
Atrial flagellates (both trophozoite lang):
Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax
140
Only pathogenic atrial flagellate:
Trichomonas vaginalis
141
Hemoflagellates:
Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma spp
142
Earliest protozoan parasite:
G. lambdia
143
Pyriform, pear-shaped/teardrop shape:
G. lambdia,
144
Falling leaf or flipflop motility:
G. lambdia,
trophozoite
145
Monkey face/Old man with eyeglasses:
G.
lambdia, trophozoite
146
2 nuclei with stellate appearance:
D. fragilis, troph
147
Trophozoite without external flagella:
D. fragilis,
troph
