Clinical Notes of the UE Flashcards
What is a greenstick fracture?
incomplete fractures often in children
True or false: the clavical is not commonly fractured
false
What is the most common fracture site of the humerus?
the surgical neck
What is the origin of the expression “funny bone”?
the pain you get from compressing the ulnar nerve, which is housed in the groove for ulnar N. of the humerus (humerus=humorous/funny)
What is an avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle caused by?
severe abduction of the extended elbow
What is fractured elbow?
a fracture of the olecranon caused by falling (an avulsion because of triceps brachii M)
What is Colle’s fracture?
a fracture at the distal end of the radius (from breaking falls) the styloid process of the ulna is often also avulsed in this situation
Which carpal bone is the most commonly fractured?
Scaphoid (from trying to break a fall)
What does swelling of the tendons of the carpal tunnel result in?
compression of the median nerve, resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome
Compression of what nerve is possible in the Guyon tunnel?
the Ulnar N
What is boxer’s fracture?
a fracture of the head of the 5th metacarpal (usually from a punch)
Fingers being closed in a door usually results to what fracture?
a fracture of the distal phalanges
What aspect of the shoulder girdle tears in individuals repeatedly throwing a ball (sudden contraction of biceps brachii M)
the glenoid labrum
What is shoulder separation?
a separation in the acromioclavicular joint and it is capable of separating with or without rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament
In which ways does a dislocation of the glenohumeral joint most commonly occur?
anteriorly or inferiorly
If the elbow is dislocated posteriorly in response to a force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm, which ligament will be torn?
ulnar collateral L
Which two bursae are more commonly inflamed? and what three names refer to this?
the subcutaneous olecranon bursa and the bicipitoradial bursa; student’s elbow, dart thrower’s elbow and minors elbow
What is nursemaids/pulled elbow?
dislocation of the radial head from the annular L
What is bull rider’s thumb?
a sprain of the lateral collateral L and even avulsion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What is Skier’s thumb/gamekeeper’s thumb?
laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the first metacarpophalangeal joints `
What is mallet finger/baseball finger?
sudden hyperflexion fo the distal interphalangeal joint, which can result in avulsion of the long extensor tendon with that tendon away from the distal phalanx
What is a synovial/Ganglion cyst?
irritation of the synovial sheats, which can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid (a lump)
What is a Dupuytren contracture?
a disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia.
What does a dupuytren contracture lead to?
partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits
What is winging of the scapula?
paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle, usually a result of the long thoracic N
Which four muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?
the supraspinatus M, infraspinatus M, teres M and subscapularis M
which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly injured?
the supraspinatus
failure of the bicipital myoatic reflex could suggest injury to which nerve?
musculocutaneous N (or C5 and C6 Anterior Rami)
What is bicep tendinitis?
inflammation of the long head of the biceps Tendon
What is Popeye deformity?
a dislocation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii M from the intertubercular groove
What is tennis elbow?
repetitive use of the superficial extensor muscles of the forearm (elbow tendinitis) it involves pain over the lateral epicondyle
What is lateral epicondylitis?
repeated flexion and extension of the wrist (it strains the periostium of the lateral humeral epicondyle)
which region of the axillary artery is susceptible to aneurysm?
region one
Where should one stop blood flow to cut off all blood supply to the arm?
distal to the subscapular A. because the suprascapular, transverse cervical A and intercostal A can feed into it
What is the most common site of venipuncture? Why?
the median cubital V. because of the location and protection of the bicipital aponeurosis
Which lymph nodes are frequently invaded by cancer cells?
axillary lymph nodes
