Clinical Notes Flashcards
Femoral Hernia
Femoral ring: Weak area in anterior abdominal wall where a loop of small intestine can protrude into femoral canal
This is due to the space the Rosenmüller’s lymph node provides
Hasselbach’s Triangle
Triangular area on the inferior interior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall within groin
Direct Inguinal Herniae
Abdominal wall is weak and allows for part of the intestine to push through the abdominal wall through Hasselbach’s triangle
Indirect Inguinal Herniae
The herniae passes through laterally of Hesselbach’s triangle (into the deep ingunial ring)
Anterior Hip Dislocation
Affects femoral nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Meralgia Paresthetica
Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament causing pain
Cannulation of the femoral artery
Palpation of the A. 2-3 cm inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament and between ASIS and pubic tubercle
Used for radiographic visualization of the left heart and coronary vessels
Femoral bleeding
To stop bleeding, compress the femur head that lies posterior to the femoral artery
Necrosis at hip/ arterial supply issue at femoral head
Caused by an issue to the medial circumflex femoral artery
Great Saphenous vein clinical use
Can be used to administer blood, electrolytes, and drugs
You can have a “saphenous cutdown”, make an incision anterior to medial malleolus for access to the venous system
Saphenous Nerve damage
Could be due to the cutdown of the saphenous vein, nicking the nerve causing pain along the medial border of the foot as a result and lower extremity numbness
Damage to proximal femur
Could injure the profunda femoris, the deep branch of the femoral artery that runs along the shaft of the femur
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Palpable lymph nodes along the medial thigh that is used to asses infection in that particular area
Deep medial thigh injury
Would most likely injure the apex of the femoral triangle leading to exsanguination
Saphena Varix
Saphenous vein becomes dilated at terminal part so that the cusps of the of the valves do not close, as a result, blood flows inferiorly in the veins and edema occurs in the femoral triangle
Locating femoral vein
Can be found by feeling the pulsations of the femoral artery which is immediately lateral to vein and located inferior to the inguinal ligament
Cannulation of Femoral vein
Right cardiac angiography is done by placing catheter in vein as it passes through femoral triangle to get pressure readings from the chambers of the right side of the heart and pulmonary artery.
Vein can also be used fort the administration of fluids
Hernia description
A protrusion in the abdominal viscera that pops out of the weak femoral rings into the femoral canal. The hernia is bound by the femoral vein laterally and the lacunar ligament medially.
it compresses contents of the femoral canal and distends the wall of the canal
Chondromalacia patella
Knee cap is shifted laterally and in order to fix it you must either do either or both of:
1) Stretch illiotibial band
2) Strengthen the vastus medialis to pull the patella more medially, since the lateral vastus tends to dominate more
Westphal’s sign
Decrease or absence of the patellar tendon reflex. Due to the compromise of the of the L2- L4 spinal cord segments
Calcanceal tendon reflex
Tendon tests the S1 and S2 nerve roots. If the nerve root is cut or compressed then the ankle reflex is absent
Psoas Abscess
The transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall is continuous with the psoa fascia, forming a fascial covering on the psoas major that goes into the anterior region of thigh. TB or Crohn’s disease can form this psoa abscess which can pass through the psoas and their fascia causing severe pain at the hip, thigh, or knee joint. Should be considered if edema is in those spots
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Knee pain in adolescents, which is the cause of inflammation just below the attachment of the patellar tendon to the tibia (tibial tuberosity)
Sometimes bone growth happens as a result from the gap forming between tendon and tibia
Patellar Ossification Abnormality
The patella ossifies between 3rd-6th year and become one bone. If they remain separate bones you can end up with a bipartite or tripartite patella, making it look fractured.
This is usually an issue that happens at ossification centers
